It's hard to find traces of the Berlin Wall, which divided the German capital a quarter century ago. Like most Cold War symbols there, the infamous barrier was dismantled.

But one East German border relic that remains is a small blue building with a rounded glass facade tucked next to the Friedrichstrasse train station in the center of Berlin. The curious structure served as the main departure hall for people heading by rail from East Berlin to the West and was the scene for tearful farewells for German families and friends forced apart by the Cold War.

Historian Dorothea Kraus is a curator in the "Palace of Tears," which houses an elaborate exhibit on its notorious history. Kraus says the architect incorporated lots of glass and lights to get travelers to equate socialism with enlightenment and openness.

Video footage of passport control — staffed by the notorious East German Stasi — when the Palace of Tears was a functioning border crossing between East and East.

Video footage of passport control — staffed by the notorious East German Stasi — when the Palace of Tears was a functioning border crossing between East and East.

Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson/NPR

"But in fact, this contradicted the grim function of this building," the curator says.

Many Germans thought of it as a place for spying and intimidation. Travelers like 73-year-old Sieglinde Neff dreaded entering the departure hall, where passport control officers were part of the much-hated East German Ministry for State Security, or Stasi.

"I always was afraid," she recalls, especially inside the narrow enclosed passport control booths where border officers used ceiling mirrors to keep an eye on travelers. Once, an East German officer "asked me very quickly, he said: 'Oh, you are born in Berlin? Which part of Berlin?'" Neff says, adding that her heart was pounding.

She lied and told him she was originally from West Berlin. The truth was she and her mother were East Berliners who fled west in 1959, part of an exodus of more than 3 million East Germans who escaped before the Berlin Wall went up.

Neff's videotaped account of their escape is on display at the Palace of Tears, along with her mother's suitcase, pieces of silverware and a porcelain ballerina figurine, which were the only valuables they managed to take with them.

Sieglinde Neff and her mother in a photo taken before they fled East Berlin for West Berlin in 1959 — part of an exodus of East Germans before the Berlin Wall went up.

Sieglinde Neff and her mother in a photo taken before they fled East Berlin for West Berlin in 1959 — part of an exodus of East Germans before the Berlin Wall went up.

Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson/NPR

Over time, Neff says she grew more confident about traveling between the two Berlins and began taking her children along on the trips.

But "when I was in East Germany for a visit, I never felt free," Neff says. "I always felt terrible."

It was even worse for 55-year-old German language teacher Verona Chambers, another East German whose story is on display at the Palace of Tears.

Back in 1988, she was a Russian language teacher in the East German state of Thuringia when her then husband failed to return from an approved visit to his aunt in West Berlin.

"I was in so much trouble in East Germany because of that, that we thought, 'You know, it would probably be better to leave,'" she says. Up until then, she'd never seriously thought about escaping.

Police in East Germany kept Chambers under surveillance around the clock. Between their vigilance and her two small children, leaving the country illegally was out of the question.

Neff stands next to the museum exhibit about her escape. It includes silverware and a porcelain figure, among the few valuables she and her mother were able to take with them.

Neff stands next to the museum exhibit about her escape. It includes silverware and a porcelain figure, among the few valuables she and her mother were able to take with them.

Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson/NPR

The government, meanwhile, pressured her to get a divorce.

"The East German officials told me I could not be married to someone who left the family, basically, and lived on the western side of his free will, and they also told me as a teacher I would not have permission to go on teaching in a socialist country," she says. Her friends and colleagues were also pressured to keep their distance from her.

When Chambers requested forms she needed to seek permission to emigrate, the authorities refused to give them to her. So month after month, she sent her emigration requests on handwritten notes, which they ignored.

She says they suspended her from teaching, hauled her in for regular questioning and made life unbearable.

"You want to just crawl up in a ball and not show yourself anymore," she recalls. "The entire town was set against you. I was declared an enemy of state on May 1 at the big parade in my hometown in front of my children."

After years of living under Stasi surveillance, Verona Chambers and her children, Hannes and Anna, were granted permission to emigrate to West Berlin in 1989 — they arrived the same day the wall was breached.

After years of living under Stasi surveillance, Verona Chambers and her children, Hannes and Anna, were granted permission to emigrate to West Berlin in 1989 — they arrived the same day the wall was breached.

Courtesy of Verona Chambers

But public pressure was mounting across the Soviet bloc for political reforms, which may explain why Chambers finally received permission to emigrate in the fall of 1989. The East German government didn't make it easy — Chambers had to sell most of her belongings, forfeit her pension and life insurance and pack what was left of her life and that of her children — Hannes, 9, and Anna, 4 — into a few small bags.

"We had two bags in which I had clothing and then a smaller bag with shoes. My daughter had a little backpack with one of her stuffed animals in there and some toys and my son insisted on bringing his fishing rod," she says. "He's still to this day a very outdoorsy person."

Her exit permit, which was good for 24 hours, expired late on Nov. 9, 1989 — the same day the wall was breached.

After clearing the last paperwork hurdle, she and her children left with her brother and brother-in-law for the four-hour drive to East Berlin. They said goodbye outside the Palace of Tears for what they expected would be 25 years — how long East German law banned emigres from returning.

Hours after she arrived in West Berlin, tens of thousands of fellow East Germans crossed over as well, in what became the historic beginning of the end of the Berlin Wall.

The Palace of Tears — a small, unobtrusive building in the shadow of all the construction that's gone up since Germany reunified — is one of Berlin's few remaining relics of the Cold War.

The Palace of Tears — a small, unobtrusive building in the shadow of all the construction that's gone up since Germany reunified — is one of Berlin's few remaining relics of the Cold War.

Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson/NPR

But Chambers says she isn't bitter to have gone through all she did.

"You would think after having gone through all of this, and then coming on the day when in the evening the wall would open up and everybody could come, you would be in despair," she says. "But not at all, you were euphoric, everybody was around you and everybody was happy about it."

The Palace of Tears border crossing was officially closed the following year. Chambers says she's visited it a number of times since then.

"When you get close to it, to that building ... it makes you wobbly in your legs," she says. "You have that shaking inside that will probably never go away."

Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

Transcript

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

Yesterday marked the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. That was a day of celebration in the German capital. The city is now unified. But near the place where the wall once divided it stands a reminder of Germany's past despair. It's a border crossing known as the Palace of Tears. NPR's Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson went there.

SORAYA SARHADDI NELSON, BYLINE: For nearly three decades, this small, blue building was the main departure hall for train travel from East Berlin to the west. Eastern officials who built the steel structure used huge glass windows to reflect the openness of their socialist society. But for many, the Palace of Tears was synonymous with spying and intimidation. Travelers like 73-year-old Sieglinde Neff dreaded entering this departure hall.

(SOUNDBITE OF TRAIN)

NELSON: She recalls passing through this rail station at Friedrichstrasse near the edge of East Berlin when she and her mother fled in 1959. They were among several million East Germans who escaped to the west before the Berlin Wall went up. Just outside of the station is where the Palace of Tears was erected shortly after the wall.

(SOUNDBITE OF ANNOUNCEMENT)

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: (German spoken).

NELSON: Neff's videotaped account of her escape is on display at the departure hall, along with a few belongings she and her mother were able to take with them, including silverware and a porcelain ballerina figurine. She takes me on a tour of the building she used to enter after every visit to East Berlin. The officers in charge of checking passports here worked for the dreaded East German Ministry for State Security, nicknamed Stasi. Neff recalls her trepidation.

SIEGLINDE NEFF: Yes, I - oh, I always was afraid. I remember once, in these cabins, he asked me - because I had Western German passport - and he asked me - very quickly, he said, oh, you are born in Berlin? Which part of Berlin? Oh, my heart was ba-ba-ba-ba (ph).

NELSON: Fearing he might detain her, she lied and told him, she was originally from West Berlin. Neff enters the exhibit's passport booth and points to the ceiling mirrors officers used to get a full view of the traveler.

NEFF: It was clear that everything is observed - horrible, these people, in my opinion. When I was in East Germany for a visit, I never felt free. I always felt terrible.

NELSON: It was even worse for Verona Chambers, another East German whose story is on display. She was a Russian language teacher whose then-husband failed to return from an authorized visit to his elderly aunt in West Berlin back in 1988. At the time, East Germans were not allowed into the infamous departure hall without a precious visa to the west. Chambers was finally allowed inside the building and given a visa for November 9, 1989, the day the wall came down. I reached her in Wisconsin, where she teaches high school in the town of Tomah. Chamber says, even though she was against the communist government, she did not think about leaving East Germany until her husband fled.

VERONA CHAMBERS: I was in so much trouble in East Germany because of that that we thought, you know, it would probably better - be better to leave.

NELSON: She said, East German police had her under surveillance 24 hours a day, so she couldn't risk an escape with a nine-year-old son and four-year-old daughter in tow. The authorities pressured her to get a divorce, and her friends and colleagues were ordered to keep their distance.

CHAMBERS: The East German officials told me, I could not be married to somebody who had left the family, basically, and lived on the western side. And they also told me, as a teacher, I would not have permission to go on teaching in a socialist country.

NELSON: For nearly a year, officials refused to give her the forms she needed to request permission to leave East Germany. They suspended her from teaching, hauled her in for repeated questioning and made her life unbearable, she recalls.

CHAMBERS: You want to just crawl up in a ball and not show yourself anymore. The entire town was set against you. I was declared an enemy of state in my hometown, in front of my children.

NELSON: When she finally received permission to emigrate in early November 1989, Chambers was told, she could only take a few small bags, so she sold her car and belongings, forfeited her life insurance and left what little savings she had with her mother.

CHAMBERS: We had two bags, in which I had clothing and then a smaller bag with shoes. My daughter had a little backpack with one of her stuffed animals in there and some toys - little toys. And my son insisted on bringing the fishing rod. He's a very - still, to this day - a very outdoorsy person.

NELSON: Her relatives drove to the Palace of Tears, where they said goodbye for what they expected to be 25 years. That's how long East German law banned immigrants from returning. She says, her sadness and fear were tempered by the prospect of a free life on the other side of the wall. She finally arrived in West Berlin on the evening of November 9.

CHAMBERS: So you would think after having gone through all of this and then coming on the day where in the evening, the wall would open up, and everybody could come, you would be in despair, but not at all. You were euphoric, and everybody was happy about it.

NELSON: She says, she still visits the Palace of Tears on occasion.

CHAMBERS: Even when you get close to it - to that building, it makes you wobbly in your legs. It - you have that shaking inside that probably will never go away.

NELSON: Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, NPR News, Berlin. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

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