Coming Soon To A Highway Near You: A Semitruck With A Brain
Imagine you're on the highway. You glance into the cab of the 18-wheeler next to you — and there's no driver. That day might be getting closer.
Automaker Daimler unveiled a truck last week that drives itself, called the Freightliner Inspiration. But the truck is not yet entirely autonomous.
"You still have the driver in the driver's seat, ready to take over at all times in case something goes wrong or the system encounters a situation it's not really well prepared for," says Alex Davies, associate editor for Wired, who was at the demonstration and rode in the big rig.
The driver controls the rig on surface roads, but on the highway, engages the autopilot mode. Cameras detect the lane lines to keep the truck headed in the right direction, Davies tells NPR's Rachel Martin.
The Inspiration's dashboard. Although much attention has been paid to self-driving vehicles being developed by Google and others, Daimler believes that automated tractor-trailers will roll on highways before self-driving cars cruise the suburbs.
"Then from there on, the truck will stay in its lane, maintain its speed and a safe distance from other vehicles," he says. "But you still need to be in the seat, ready to take over."
And being ready to take over means the driver can't exactly take a nap.
When it's time for the driver to take over — at the correct exit or if bad weather hits — the truck alerts the driver with a beep. If the driver doesn't respond, the truck slows and eventually comes to a complete stop, Davies says.
Daimler says the Inspiration, the first self-driving truck licensed to roll on public roads — highways and interstates in Nevada — is the future of trucking and may hit the market before autonomous cars, according to the Associated Press. Drivers will still be human, but might be called "logistics managers."
"The human brain is still the best computer money can buy," said Daimler Trucks North America LLC CEO Martin Daum.
Davies says no automaker will ever use the term "driverless" for a vehicle, preferring the safer-sounding "autonomous" or, in the case of the Freightliner Inspiration, "piloted."
Interview Highlights
How it feels in the driver's seat
When you're sitting in the cab of the truck, the freakiest part is watching the wheel turn on its own as the truck stays in its lane on slight curves in the road and even in heavy crosswinds. We were driving around outside Las Vegas, so you get some pretty big crosswinds, and the truck is doing those little things that you do, even without thinking about it, to make sure you're staying right in the center between those lines.
Whether truckers will worry about losing their jobs to a machine
For right now, there's no threat at all to drivers' careers. Daimler will be the first to say so. They say, "No, we still need a driver in the driver's seat, first of all just to handle surface-street driving." This is a system that only works on the highway, and you could take the driver out, but then the truck would just endlessly drive down the highway and would be effectively useless.
That's the real grind of the job: It's just holding the wheel, staying in the lines and following the highway for hours on end. In the middle of the night when you're by yourself, that's where the real tough part of the job is, and if you have a machine that can step in and pick up a lot of the slack for you, I think that would be a welcome change.
On when this technology will be available
Daimler is very cautious to say this is a system it doesn't think will be ready to market for about a decade. That said, this is happening. This has already been happening for about 20 years, and you have all kinds of building-block systems that are leading us toward autonomy.
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Transcript
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
Imagine you're on the highway, and you glance into the cab of the 18-wheeler next you, and there's no one there. That day may be coming. And this past week, Freightliner, owned by automaker Daimler, unveiled the truck that drives itself. It's called the Inspiration. Alex Davies is an associate editor for Wired. He was at that event, and he got to take a ride in this big rig. He joins me now from San Francisco. Hey, Alex. How's it going?
ALEX DAVIES: Going well. Thanks for having me.
MARTIN: You bet. So you got to take a ride in this big rig that's supposed to just drive itself? I mean, you're a brave man.
DAVIES: So driverless is a term that no automaker will ever use or allow you to use without them correcting you.
MARTIN: (Laughter) OK.
DAVIES: They prefer the term autonomous or specifically, in this situation, they say piloted. You still have a driver in the driver seat, and he's there ready to take over at all times in case something goes wrong...
MARTIN: OK.
DAVIES: ...Or the system encounters a situation it's not really well-prepared for. So the driver is there. He hits a mode called highway autopilot. And then from there on, the truck will stay in its lane, maintain its speed and a safe distance from other vehicles. But you still need to be in the seat ready to take over.
MARTIN: This new capability, I mean, it's a whole different level of sensitivity - staying in the lane and determining distance from other cars.
DAVIES: It is. And actually the big difference here is the ability to pick up lane lines with a camera. And not just alert the driver when he's drifting out of his lane but to make sure that the truck stays in there. So to do that, they had to make a couple of hardware tweaks - things like adding in what's called an actuator which is a little mechanical bit that allows the computer to actually tap into the steering system to control it. And when you're sitting in the cab of the truck, the freakiest part is watching the wheel turn its his own as the truck stays in its lane, and you know, on slight curves on the road and even heavy crosswinds. And we were driving around outside Las Vegas, so you get some pretty big crosswinds. And the truck is doing those little things that you do to make sure you're staying right in the center between those lines.
MARTIN: So this idea of making sure that the truck stays in between the lines in case a driver were to doze off - that's a real concern in this community, right? Like, truck drivers are often driving such long distances. Is this a change that truck drivers are welcoming?
DAVIES: For right now, there's no threat at all to driver's careers. And Daimler will be the first to say so. They say, no, you still need a driver in the driver seat. First of all, just to handle surface street driving. This is a system that only works on the highway. And you could take the driver out, but then the truck would just endlessly drive down the highway, and it would be, effectively, useless.
MARTIN: Is this a change that is definitely going to happen? You said this is still in a prototype, right?
DAVIES: Daimler is very cautious to say this is a system it doesn't think will be market ready for about a decade. That said, this is happening. This has already been happening for about 20 years, and you have all kinds of building block systems that are leading us toward autonomy.
MARTIN: Alex Davies is an associate editor for Wired. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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