A Food Crisis Follows Africa's Ebola Crisis
In the shadows of West Africa's Ebola outbreak, food shortages are starting to develop.
This time of year is traditionally the lean season in West Africa, when last year's harvest of rice or groundnuts is mostly exhausted. Until recently, people were quite hopeful about the approaching harvest this year.
"The rainfall situation was very good," says Shukri Ahmed, a senior economist with the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. "We were actually developing an optimistic forecast for crop production this year."
But then came Ebola.
The first food source that disappeared from markets was "bush meat," meat from forest animals. Some of those animals, like fruit bats, can actually carry Ebola, so governments have banned it.
Other foods have become scarce as a side effect of efforts to keep the virus from spreading.
David Mwesigwa, the FAO's acting representative in Sierra Leone, says that when governments stopped people from moving from country to country, or even from one town to another, it stopped traders from delivering food to the markets. "The primary impact has been on the mobility of most of the traders," he says.
The Liberian government delivered bags of rice, beans and cooking oil to residents of the West Point slum in Monrovia. The community has been quarantined because of the Ebola outbreak in the area.
In quarantined areas, some food markets have been shut down completely.
Sierra Leone, and to an even greater extent, Liberia, also import a lot of rice. Those imports are down, too. Ships are reluctant to dock in places affected by the epidemic.
As a result, there's less food for sale, and prices are rising. According to Mwesigwa, people in many parts of Sierra Leone are paying 40 or 50 percent more for rice and other foods. The prices of meat and fish have doubled in some places. The situation in Liberia, he says, is similar, but probably even a bit worse.
While this is already cutting the ability of people to afford adequate food, things may get even worse over the coming year. This year's harvest is also in danger because communal work arrangements have broken down.
"The Ebola came in at a time when farmers were ready to go to the field to work together, in groups," Mwesigwa says.
But people now have been advised to avoid such activities. Coming together in groups could spread the disease. So essential work like weeding the rice is not happening.
Gon Myers, the World Food Program's representative in Sierra Leone, says when you take all these factors together "we think there will be a food crisis after the Ebola crisis."
Myers and Mwesigwa say that their organizations will need to start responding even while the Ebola outbreak continues.
Some food aid will be required to nourish people who've been cut off from their normal supplies of food.
But Mwesigwa says he wants to keep food aid to a minimum. Sierra Leone, in particular, has the potential to grow a lot of food itself, and it's made great progress toward self-sufficiency since the country's civil war ended a decade ago.
Mwesigwa says international agencies can help the region's farmers get back on their feet. They can provide seeds when those are in short supply, and livestock so that people can produce more of their own meat.
That effort to rebuild food supplies, he says, probably will last at least one or two years.
See more of NPR's Ebola coverage on the global health blog Goats and Soda.
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Transcript
ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:
Even as we focus most on the immediate and deadly impact of Ebola, the outbreak in West Africa is also starting to have broad and long-term impacts on the region. People who are monitoring the situation say the medical crisis may soon be followed by a food crisis. NPR's Dan Charles has more.
DAN CHARLES, BYLINE: Even before the current outbreak, many people in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea lived on the edge of hunger, especially at this time of year.
SHUKRI AHMED: This is a very critical period in Western Africa in general.
CHARLES: That's Shukri Ahmed, a senior economist with the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization or FAO. This is the lean period. Last week's harvest of rice or ground nuts is mostly gone. This year's harvest is approaching. And until recently people were quite hopeful about that harvest.
AHMED: The rainfall situation was very good. And we were actually developing an optimistic forecast for crop production this year.
CHARLES: And then came Ebola. The first food source that disappeared from markets was so-called bush meat - meat from forest animals. Some of those animals, like fruit bats, can actually carry Ebola. So governments have banned it.
Other foods have become scarce as a side effect of efforts to keep the virus from spreading. David Mwesigwa, the FAO's representative in Sierra Leone, says when governments stopped people from moving from country to country or even from one town to another, it stopped traders from delivering food to markets.
DAVID MWESIGWA: The primary impact has been the mobility of most of the traders.
CHARLES: In quarantined areas, some food markets have been shut down completely. Sierra Leone, and especially Liberia, also import a lot of rice. Those imports are down, too. Ships are reluctant to dock in places affected by the epidemic. The result is less food for sale and rising prices. According to Mwesigwa, people in many parts of Sierra Leone are paying 40 or 50 percent more for rice or other foods.
The prices of meat and fish have doubled in some places. The situation in Liberia, he says, is similar - even a little bit worse. So that's hurting people right now. But things may even get worse because this year's harvest is also endangered mainly because the traditional communal work arrangements have broken down.
MWESIGWA: Ebola came in at a time when farmers were really ready to go to the field and walk together in groups.
CHARLES: But people aren't supposed to come together in groups these days. It could spread the disease. So in many places, essential work, like weeding the rice, is not happening. Gon Myers, the World Food Program's representative in Sierra Leone, says when you take all those factors together...
GON MYERS: We think there will be a food crisis even after the Ebola crisis.
CHARLES: There will be a food crisis, you say?
MYERS: Yes.
CHARLES: Myers and Mwesigwa say their organizations will need to start responding even while the Ebola outbreak continues. Some of this will have to be in the form of aid - getting food to people who've been cut off from their normal supplies. But Mwesigwa from the FAO says he wants to keep food aid to a minimum.
Sierra Leone in particular has the potential to grow a lot of food itself and it's made great progress towards self-sufficiency since the country's civil war ended a decade ago. Mwesigwa says international agencies can help the region's farmers get back on their feet - providing seeds, if those are missing, livestock, so people can produce more of their own meat. That effort to rebuild food supplies, he says, probably will last at least one or two years. Dan Charles, NPR News.
AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:
You're listening to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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