In France's Camargue, Bulls Are A Passion And A Way Of Life
Amid streaks of lightning and startling thunder claps on a recent day, I head out into the middle of the marshy wetlands known as the Camargue. I'm with a group of tourists, piled on hay bales in the back of a flatbed trailer pulled by a massive tractor.
The delta in southern France where two branches of the Rhone River meet the sea, the Camargue is the biggest Mediterranean delta after the Nile. The stunning ecosystem is home to pink flamingos, rice paddies and salt, which has been harvested here since the Middle Ages.
But the Camargue's most stunning icons are its white horses and black, long-horned bulls that roam free over much of the 360-square-mile area.
Ranch hand Olivier Terroux says horse, bull and man are all linked in the Camargue.
"The Camargue horses, which are the last ridden work horse bred in France, are our link with the bulls," says Terroux. "They help us manage the herds. But for the horses it's not work, it's like a game. It's instinct. They're like sheep dogs."
The bulls in the Camargue are raised for fighting in the hundreds of arenas throughout the towns and villages in this region of France.
Bound For The Fighting Ring, But Not Death
Ranch owner Renaud Vinuesa has 60 horses and 160 bulls. He says Spanish bulls and Camargue bulls are the last two breeds of fighting bulls in Europe. Raising bulls is his passion, Vinuesa says.
"We look for the most aggressive and combative ones for the ring," he says. "But while a bull destined for the Spanish corrida (bullfight) has one fight of his life, a good Camargue bull can fight for a decade."
That's because Camargue bulls aren't killed in the rings. Vinuesa says Camargue bulls make progress and get tougher as the years go on, because they're extremely smart.
Ranchers like Vinuesa rent their bulls out to fight in the region's many arenas, like the Roman arena in the city of Arles. This amazing, stone-white amphitheater was built 2,000 years ago. It's a bit weather-worn, but remains pretty much unchanged since Romans times.
In a Camargue bullfight, known as la course Camarguaise, the goal of the Camargue matador, or raseteur, is to pluck a ribbon from between the bull's horns. The bulls aren't killed or injured, but it's extremely dangerous for the men trying to get that ribbon. The dozen or so raseteurs, all dressed in white, crisscross the arena, calling out to the creature to attract him. They constantly have to leap up into the bleachers to escape the charging bull.
Life in the small towns of the Camargue revolves around bulls. Every village has its summer bull festival, with bull-runs through the streets and lots of events in the local, leaf-shaded arenas.
One popular game is Taureau-Piscine, or Bull-Swimming Pool. The game actually features Camargue cows. But with their equally long, sharp horns, they look just like their male counterparts. The game is supposed to help identify the most aggressive mothers for breeding.
Several young men in the ring taunt the angry cow, trying to get it to chase them through a kiddie pool laid out in the middle arena. The confused cows repeatedly jump out of the ring, thinking they're escaping the ridiculous game, but instead they're funneled back into the arena to face their taunters again. Luckily for the cows, their turn only lasts 15 minutes.
Teased And Taunted, Respected And Revered
While the crowd cheers wildly, I can't help thinking how completely pointless and cruel this all seems. But Marie Laconneau and her two small children seem to be having a great time. Laconneau says it's part of their culture and fun to watch. I ask her if it's not a bit cruel.
"No, they're not suffering," she tells me. "They're born and raised for this. And we don't kill them. They go free afterwards."
You can't really argue with that. No matter how you look at it, Camargue bull games are a lot less cruel than the corrida. Still, there seems to be a strange paradox with the way bulls are treated in the Camargue. They're teased and taunted, but also clearly revered and respected.
It's not the bullfighters, but the bulls that are the celebrities here. The great fighting bulls are buried in the marshes, and villages erect statues to them. Every self-respecting Camargue village has its bull statue.
A monument at the entrance to the village of Le Cailar has the inscription, "To Le Sanglier, a great fighting bull." Le Sanglier lived from 1916 to 1933. There's a plaque from the villagers who celebrated the 50th anniversary of his death, and there's a photo of him on the monument.
The bulls that don't do well in the arena do end up on the dinner plate. And a life spent roaming free and eating grass makes for some of the tastiest and most tender meat you'll ever have.
Ranchers here say you won't get rich from raising fighting bulls. But the people of the Camargue say it's more than an occupation — it's a way of life and a passion.
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Transcript
JACKI LYDEN, HOST:
You're tuned to WEEKENDS on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Jacki Lyden.
Let's go now to the South of France where the Rhone River runs into the sea. The Camargue is the Mediterranean's biggest delta after the Nile, and it's home to one of the last breeds of fighting bulls in Europe.
As NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports, they're a huge part of the culture there.
ELEANOR BEARDSLEY, BYLINE: We're heading out into the middle of the Camargue on a flatbed trailer pulled by a massive tractor. The marshy wetlands are known for flamingos, rice paddies and salt, which has been harvested here since the middle ages. But its two most iconic symbols are the white horse and the black long-horned fighting bull. Ranch hand Olivier Terroux is a gardien, which is a kind of Camargue cowboy.
(SOUNDBITE OF HORSE NEIGHING)
OLIVIER TERROUX: (Through translator) Everything is linked in the Camargue: man, horse and bull. Camargue horses are the last ridden work horse bred in France. They're our linked with the bulls. They help us manage the herds. For the horses, it's like a game. It's not work, it's instinct.
BEARDSLEY: We're out to watch what's known as la ferrade, the branding of eight-month-old bulls just weaned from their mothers. It's one of the few times the wild bulls come into contact with man. The French cowboys separate and run down a young bull using, not a lasso, but a metal trident.
(SOUNDBITE OF THUNDER)
BEARDSLEY: Just as the ferrade gets under way, a storm threatens.
(SOUNDBITE OF THUNDER)
BEARDSLEY: It's starting to rain. Hail, it's starting to hail.
(SOUNDBITE OF SCREAMING)
BEARDSLEY: Everyone dives under the trailer as the wind drives the rain through our thin summer clothing. The Camargue suddenly feels more wild and dramatic than ever. When the storm lets up, I speak to ranch owner Renaud Vinuesa, who has 60 horses and 160 bulls. Camargue bulls along with Spanish bulls are the last two breeds of fighting bulls in Europe. Vinuesa says Camargue bulls are his passion.
RENAUD VINUESA: (Through translator) We look for the most aggressive and combative bulls for the ring. But while a bull destined for the Spanish corrida has one fight of his life, a good Camargue bull can fight for a decade. He's supposed to progress and get tougher. Sometimes they're not so skilled in the beginning, but they're extremely smart, so they get better.
(SOUNDBITE OF TRUMPET)
BEARDSLEY: Vinuesa's bulls earn money fighting in the region's arenas, like the amphitheater in Arles, built by the Romans and virtually unchanged for 2,000 years. In a Camargue bullfight, known as la course Camarguaise, the bulls are not killed or injured. Instead, a dozen or so men - and a few women - dressed all in white, called raseteur, try to pluck a ribbon from between the bull's horns. The quick and agile raseteur regularly leap up into the bleachers to escape the charging bull.
(SOUNDBITE OF CHEERING)
BEARDSLEY: Life in the small towns of the Camargue revolves around bulls. Every village has its summer bull festival with bull runs through the streets and plenty of events in the local, leaf-shaded arenas.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (French spoken)
BEARDSLEY: One popular game is taureau piscine or bull swimming pool. The game actually features Camargue cows. But with their equally long, sharp horns, they look just like their male counterparts. The game is supposed to help identify the most aggressive mothers for breeding.
(SOUNDBITE OF COW MOOING)
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (French spoken)
BEARDSLEY: Several youths in the ring taunt the angry cow, trying to get it to chase them through a kiddie pool laid out in the middle of the arena. The cows repeatedly jump out of the ring but are funneled back into the arena to face their taunters again. Lucky for the cows, their turn only lasts 15 minutes. To this outsider, the game seems completely pointless and a bit cruel. But the crowd, including Marie Laconneau and her two small children, loves it.
MARIE LACONNEAU: (Through translator) It's in our culture. They're not suffering. They're born and raised for this. And we don't kill them. They go free afterwards.
BEARDSLEY: There's a strange paradox to the way bulls are treated in the Camargue. They're teased, but they're obviously loved and revered as well. For example, it's not the bullfighters but the bulls that are the celebrities here. The great fighting bulls are buried in the marshes, and the villages erect statues to them. Like this statue, complete with an inscription, I found in the village of Le Cailar: Le sanglier. A great fighting bull who lived from 1916 to 1933. And he's remembered here at the entrance to the village where he fought those courses camarguaises for many years. And there's a picture of him on the grave.
Ranchers here say you won't get rich from raising fighting bulls. But people in the Camargue say it's not an occupation. It's a way of life and a passion. Eleanor Beardsley, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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