'If It Swings': An Asian-American Jazzman's Pioneering Career
Saxophonist Gabe Baltazar got his big break after Stan Kenton heard him playing in a college band and invited him to join his Orchestra in 1960.
"One of my biggest highlights in Stan's band was being featured on a beautiful standard tune called 'Stairway to the Stars,'" the 83-year-old Baltazar says. "He liked that tune, and he thought it would be my signature song. And throughout my career, four years with the band, I was featured on that and it was just great."
Baltazar's story is an important chapter in the history of American jazz, says fellow musician Theo Garneau, who co-wrote Baltazar's new autobiography, If It Swings, It's Music.
"Gabe's one of the pioneers of Asian-Americans in jazz," Garneau says. "Sometimes people say, 'What difference does it make if he's Asian-American or not?' And I think it's important to remember that there was a lot of exclusion going on in Los Angeles and across the mainland. Asian-Americans were severely discriminated against before and after the Second World War, and during the Second World War — and this is part of our history. This is part of American history; it's part of Asian-American history. "
Before leaving for a career on the mainland, Baltazar grew up in Hawaii. His mother was Japanese-American, his father Filipino. Gabe Baltazar, Sr., encouraged his son to play music, and gave him a clarinet when he was 12.
"He was a professional musician," Baltazar says of his father. "And then he came to Hawaii to play with a vaudeville show, to entertain the plantation people — you know, people working in the fields, the pineapple and sugarcane fields."
Musicians from the mainland also came to Hawaii in the 1940s.
"There was Artie Shaw's band — they were stationed in Pearl Harbor, and they performed in Waikiki Beach," Baltazar recalls. "And there [was] barbed wire fence on the beach, you know at that time, because this was WWII. And I used to crawl under the barbed wire, crawl under the sand and listen to the band."
Back then, jazz wasn't taught in school. Baltazar learned alto saxophone playing alongside his Dad in dance bands.
"They played about 300 tunes a night," he says. "That's how I got to learn the tunes — and had to learn to play by ear, play the harmony part and all that."
Baltazar moved to Los Angeles in 1956, where he worked with other Asian Americans playing jazz. He made his first recording with drummer Paul Togawa, a Japanese-American from California who had been held in U.S. internment camps during the war. The record was Togawa's debut as well, but it was Baltazar's playing that caught the ears of critics.
Baltazar went on to work with Dizzy Gillespie, Cannonball Adderly and Wes Montgomery. But after 13 years in Los Angeles, Theo Garneau says, Baltazar returned to Hawaii.
"He came back to Hawaii in '69, so the world kind of forgot about him," Garneau says. "It's just the beauty and the allure of Hawaii, and the fact that he was a local guy, that he left when he was on top."
During the day, Baltazar worked as the assistant bandmaster in the famous Royal Hawaiian Band. At night, he played jazz, often at a place called the Cavalier.
Baltazar became something of a local hero by teaching many younger musicians and hiring them for his groups. He's revered by music fans on the islands, including Hawaii's governor, Neil Abercrombie.
"He made a terrific difference in Hawaii, because he's given us a living example of what a master of melody can do," Abercrombie says. "The word is joy and the feeling is joy. When I think of Gabe Baltazar, that's what immediately comes to mind."
These days, Gabe Baltazar rarely performs. But he's still eager to share a few tips he's learned a long the way.
"You don't try get too fancy," he says. "You try to get more feeling in your music. I used to play like a thousand notes a minute, you know. But you gotta get your soul going, and the feeling. That's what music's all about. And swing, naturally."
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Transcript
SCOTT SIMON, HOST:
Gabe Baltazar is one of the last living links to an era when Asian-Americans began to make a name for themselves in jazz. This saxophonist and clarinetist played with a whole roster of better-known players. And then, at the height of his career, he decided to move back home to Hawaii. And now at the age of 83, he's sharing his story in an autobiography called "If It Swings, It's Music." Heidi Chang visited Gabe Baltazar at his home and has this profile.
HEIDI CHANG, BYLINE: Gabe Baltazar got his big break after Stan Kenton heard him playing in a college band and invited him to join his Orchestra in 1960.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG)
GABE BALTAZAR: One of my biggest highlights in Stan's band was being featured on this beautiful standard tune called "Stairway to the Stars," which he liked that tune. And he thought it would be my signature song. And throughout my career, four years with the band, I was featured on that. And it was just great.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG)
CHANG: Baltazar's story is an important chapter in the history of American jazz, says fellow musician Theo Garneau, who co-wrote Baltazar's autobiography.
THEO GARNEAU: Gabe's one of the pioneers of Asian-Americans in jazz. Sometimes people say, well, what difference does it make if he's Asian-American or not? Why does it make a difference at all? And I think it's important to remember that there was a lot of exclusion going on in Los Angeles and across the mainland. Asian-Americans were severely discriminated against before and after the Second World War, and during the Second World War. And this is part of our history, this is part of American history, it's part of Asian-American history.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG)
CHANG: Before leaving for a career on the mainland, Baltazar grew up in Hawaii. His mother was Japanese-American and his father, Filipino. Gabe Baltazar Sr. encouraged his son to play music, and gave him a clarinet when Gabe was 12.
BALTAZAR: My father was from the Philippines. He was a professional musician. And then he came to Hawaii to play with a vaudeville show, to entertain the plantation people, you know, people working in the fields, pineapple and sugarcane fields.
CHANG: Musicians from the mainland also came to Hawaii in the 1940s.
BALTAZAR: Well there was Artie Shaw's band, they were stationed in Pearl Harbor, and they performed in Waikiki Beach. And there all barbed wire fence on the beach, you know, at that time, 'cause this was World War II. And I used to crawl under the barbed wire and listen to the band.
CHANG: Back then, jazz wasn't taught in school in the islands. So Baltazar, learned alto saxophone playing alongside his Dad in dance bands.
BALTAZAR: My real basic jazz training came from the dance halls, believe it or not. They played about 300 tunes a night, you know. That's how I got to learn the tunes and had to learn to play by ear, play the harmony part and all that.
CHANG: Baltazar moved to Los Angeles in 1956 where he worked with other Asian-Americans playing jazz.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG)
BALTAZAR: Paul Togawa was one of the first Japanese-American ancestry, came from Los Angeles. And he played drums and he was also interned in those internment camps during World War II. And I worked with him for my first jazz album.
CHANG: The record was also drummer Togawa's debut, but it was Gabe Baltazar's playing that caught the ears of critics.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG)
CHANG: Baltazar went on to work with Dizzy Gillespie, Cannonball Adderly and Wes Montgomery.
GARNEAU: He was very well known and reviewers loved him.
CHANG: But Theo Garneau says after 13 years in Los Angeles, Baltazar returned to Hawaii.
GARNEAU: He came back to Hawaii in '69, so the world kind of forgot about him. And it's just the beauty and the allure of Hawaii and the fact that he was a local guy, that he left when he was on top.
CHANG: During the day, Baltazar worked as the assistant bandmaster in the famous Royal Hawaiian Band. At night, he played jazz, often at a place called the Cavalier.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "THE GIRL FROM IPANEMA")
CHANG: Baltazar became something of a local hero for teaching many younger musicians and hiring them for his groups. And he's revered by music fans in the islands.
GOVERNOR NEIL ABERCROMBIE: He made a terrific difference in Hawaii, because he's given us a living example of what a master of melody can do.
CHANG: That's Hawaii's governor, Neil Abercrombie.
ABERCROMBIE: When I think of Gabe Baltazar, the word is joy and the feeling is joy.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "THE GIRL FROM IPANEMA")
CHANG: These days, Gabe Baltazar rarely performs. But he's still eager to share a few tips he's learned along the way.
BALTAZAR: I used to play like a thousand notes a minute, you know, during the young days. But now it's, you know, you don't try to get too fancy. You try to get more feeling in your music. So, in other words, you got to get your soul going. That's what music's all about. And swing, naturally. That's what my book's about, "If It Swings, It's Music." That's the name of the book. And it's all in there.
CHANG: For NPR News, I'm Heidi Chang in Honolulu.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG)
SIMON: This is WEEKEND EDITION from NPR News. I'm Scott Simon. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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