Kids, Allergies And A Possible Downside To Squeaky Clean Dishes
Could using a dishwashing machine increase the chances your child will develop allergies? That's what some provocative new research suggests — but don't tear out your machine just yet.
The study involved 1,029 Swedish children (ages 7 or 8) and found that those whose parents said they mostly wash the family's dishes by hand were significantly less likely to develop eczema, and somewhat less likely to develop allergic asthma and hay fever.
"I think it is very interesting that with a very common lifestyle factor like dishwashing, we could see effects on allergy development," says Dr. Bill Hesselmar of Sweden's University of Gothenburg, who led the study.
The findings are the latest to support the "hygiene hypothesis," a still-evolving proposition that's been gaining momentum in recent years. The hypothesis basically suggests that people in developed countries are growing up way too clean because of a variety of trends, including the use of hand sanitizers and detergents, and spending too little time around animals.
As a result, children don't tend to be exposed to as many bacteria and other microorganisms, and maybe that deprives their immune system of the chance to be trained to recognize microbial friend from foe.
That may make the immune system more likely to misfire and overreact in a way that leads to allergies, eczema and asthma, Hesselmar says.
He and his colleagues have been trying to figure out some of the simple day-to-day ways we might be too clean. A previous study examined how parents cleaned off their children's pacifiers. In their latest research, the researchers took a look at how people wash their dishes.
"The hypothesis was that these different dishwashing methods ... are not equally good in reducing bacteria from eating utensils and so on," Hesselmar says. "So we thought that perhaps hand dishwashing was less effective, so that you are exposed to more bacteria" in a way that's helpful.
In a study released Monday in the online version of the journal Pediatrics, the researchers report what they found: In families who said they mostly wash dishes by hand, significantly fewer children had eczema, and somewhat fewer had either asthma or hay fever, compared to kids from families who let machines wash their dishes.
Other researchers say the new study may be onto something, though it's still too soon to tell.
"I think it's very intriguing and lends one more 'X' on the column for the hygiene hypothesis," says Dr. Todd Mahr, an allergist at the Gundersen Health System in La Crosse, Wis., and a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Still, there are other possible explanations, Hesselmar and Mahr both caution. Though the researchers took economic status into account in the study, it could be that people who don't have dishwashers are alike in some other way that reduces their tendency to get allergies.
Interestingly, for example, certain other lifestyle characteristics — eating fermented foods regularly, and tending to buy some foods straight from the farm — seemed to strengthen the "protective" effect in families without dishwashers.
The doctors say they're not ready to recommend that parents stop using the machines.
"If you're looking at, 'We have only a certain amount of money, and we're looking at buying a dishwasher or spending it on something else,' this might give you an argument to say: 'Well, maybe spend it on something else,' " Mahr says.
But, he adds, "I'm not convinced it's going to make that big a difference."
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Transcript
STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:
Now let's report on kids who are safely at home, but maybe not quite as safely as their parents think. Research suggests a link between using a dishwasher and kids developing allergies. NPR's Rob Stein reports.
ROB STEIN, BYLINE: There's a scientific theory called the hygiene hypothesis, and it basically says this - people in developed countries are growing up way too clean. We use too much hand gel, too many detergents, go way too crazy trying to sterilize our lives. Bill Hesselmar studies the hygiene hypothesis at Gothenburg University in Sweden.
BILL HESSELMAR: We think it's good to be exposed to bacteria, especially early in life, and that's the hygiene hypothesis.
STEIN: Because being exposed to bacteria early in life trains babies' immune systems how to work. And if they don't get this training, their immune systems are more likely to misfire and overreact causing lots of diseases like allergies, eczema, asthma. So Hesselmar and his colleagues have been trying to figure out some of the simple day-to-day ways we're being too clean. In their latest research, they took a look at how people wash their dishes, whether they use a dishwashing machine or just wash their dishes by hand.
HESSELMAR: The hypothesis was that these different dishwashing methods, they are not equally good in reducing bacteria from eating utensils and so on. So we thought that perhaps hand dishwashing was less effective so that you are exposed to more bacteria.
STEIN: Which would be good, according to the hygiene hypothesis, assuming they're not the kinds of bacteria that make people sick. And in this week's issue of the journal Pediatrics, the researchers report what they found by studying 7- and 8-year-old kids living in more than a thousand families in Sweden.
HESSELMAR: In families who used the hand dishwashing, the children had less allergy. It was reduced by about 50 percent.
STEIN: They were about half as likely to develop asthma, eczema or hay fever.
HESSELMAR: It is very interesting, I think, that very common lifestyle factor like dishwashing that we could see effects on allergy development.
STEIN: Other researchers say the new study may be onto something. Todd Mahr is an allergy expert at the American Academy of Pediatrics.
TODD MAHR: I think it's very intriguing and lends one more, you know, X on the column for the hygiene hypothesis, that maybe how we live does influence whether we develop allergies.
STEIN: But both Hesselmar and Mahr caution that much more research is needed to prove that the increasing use of dishwashing machines may be one reason why allergies in kids are skyrocketing. So they're not ready to recommend parents stop using dishwashers to protect their kids.
MAHR: If you're looking at, we have only a certain amount of money and we're looking at buying a dishwasher or we're looking at spending it on something else, well, this might give you an argument to say, well, maybe spend it on something else if that fits into your lifestyle choice, OK? Some people may say, I really don't like doing dishes (laughter). I want a dishwasher. And it's like, well, you know, I'm not convinced that that's going to make that big a difference.
STEIN: But for people who like doing dishes, Hesselmar says it probably wouldn't hurt and just might reduce the chances their kids will get allergies, asthma and other problems caused by living in a world that's too clean. Rob Stein, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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