Nashville's Living History Museum Expands
Country music fans most associate the Ryman Auditorium with Grand Ole Opry, a live radio show broadcast from the Ryman for more than 30 years, starting in 1943. It was on the Ryman stage that bluegrass was born.
Ryman general manager Sally Williams says that most museums display artifacts, but this building is the artifact. "I think the Ryman is living history," she says. The space was the showcase of the South long before the Opry days, and the $14 million expansion is designed to better tell that backstory.
"There's a great reverence for this building," Williams says. "And it's our responsibility to paint the picture of how we got where we are."
Projected onto three screens that mimic the Gothic windows of the original structure, a new multimedia theater screens The Soul Of Nashville. The narrator tells us that, after the Civil War, Nashville was "the kind of town where a shrewd man willing to take a risk could make himself a fortune. Captain Tom Ryman was just such a man."
Tom Ryman was a ruthless steamboat operator who was not pleased with the message of an up-and-coming evangelical preacher by the name of Sam Jones. In 1885, Rev. Jones was preaching a tent revival, and calling out Nashville for its sinful gambling and saloons. Ryman went to confront him in person and, as Ryman curator Brenda Colladay says, "Ryman was converted on the spot."
"He was struck that night by divine inspiration," Colladay says. "And he decided that Sam Jones should never have to preach in a tent again."
So Ryman built him a church and called it the Union Gospel Tabernacle, which opened in downtown Nashville in 1892. Colladay says it also became a hub for cultural events — lectures, symphonies and patriotic gatherings.
Presidents Teddy Roosevelt and William Howard Taft spoke here. Helen Keller and Booker T. Washington gave lectures. Harry Houdini, Bob Hope and Katharine Hepburn performed. But the building — a round auditorium with wood plank floors, filled with wooden church pews — became best known as a venue for all kinds of music.
The Fisk Jubilee Singers first performed here in 1913. Tenor Enrico Caruso came in 1919. Other noted artists included conductor John Philip Sousa, cowboy singer and humorist Will Rogers, and gospel singer Sister Rosetta Tharpe.
The person booking those diverse acts was Lula C. Naff, the former secretary of a booking agency who took over as manager of the Ryman.
"The fact that she made the decision to risk her own money to bring shows to the Ryman in 1914 — before she had the right to vote — and then went on to manage this building from 1920 to 1955 and didn't lose money once was huge," Williams says.
It was on Naff's watch that the Grand Ole Opry came to the Ryman stage. Country greats from Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs to Hank Williams to Patsy Cline performed at the Opry. Elvis Presley came, although he didn't receive a very rousing response. The Ryman was also the setting for a new TV show.
But then, the Ryman fell silent when the Grand Ole Opry moved to the suburbs in 1974. There was talk of bulldozing it. "It really just kind of went into hibernation," Brenda Colladay says. "People came to walk around the stage to see where all of their heroes had stood and commune with the ghosts. But it was really just in limbo."
It was in limbo for nearly 20 years, until Emmylou Harris and the Nash Ramblers cut their album At The Ryman Live in 1991. Harris says you can feel the Ryman's rich history.
"It's a little intimidating when you first step out on the stage with all the people that have played there," Harris says. "The thing as a performer that makes it so amazing is how it sounds. It's all wood. It's round. There are no corners. There's something about the sound of the Ryman."
Since the release of that album, scores of musicians have taken to the Ryman stage — from Bob Dylan to the Foo Fighters to Aretha Franklin.
Sitting in the Ryman balcony on one of the hardwood pews, country and bluegrass star Ricky Skaggs says he remembers coming here as a boy and smelling Juicy Fruit gum under the pews. He started playing mandolin when he was just 5.
"My dad's dream was to get me on the Grand Ole Opry," Skaggs says. "'If I could just get that boy on the Opry!' You know, so we came down here my first time, I was 6 years old."
He didn't get on stage that time, but a year later appeared with bluegrass legends Earl Scruggs and Lester Flatt. Decades later, Skaggs recorded his first country albums here. For Skaggs, the Ryman is a sacred place.
"The Ryman auditorium was originally built as a church," he says, "and in my heart it still is a church."
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Transcript
RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:
The Ryman Auditorium in Nashville is known as the mother church of country music. It's reopening this week with a new look after a $14 million expansion. The idea is to create more of a museum-like experience for the thousands of tourists who visit. Exhibits tell the lesser-known story of Ryman's place in Nashville long before the country and Western heyday. NPR's Debbie Elliott checked it out.
DEBBIE ELLIOT, BYLINE: Country music fans most associate the Ryman Auditorium with this.
(SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "GRAND OLE OPRY")
MINNIE PEARL: Howdy.
(APPLAUSE)
ELLIOT: The "Grand Ole Opry" live radio show was broadcast from the Ryman for 30 years. That was Cousin Minnie Pearl, known for her flowery hats, price tags still dangling from the brim. It was on the Ryman stage that bluegrass was born at the Opry.
(SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "GRAND OLE OPRY")
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Mr. Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys.
(APPLAUSE)
ELLIOT: Ryman general manager Sally Williams says this was the showcase of the South long before the Opry days, and the expansion is designed to better tell that backstory.
SALLY WILLIAMS: There's a great reverence for this building. And I think it's our responsibility to paint the picture of how we got where we are.
ELLIOT: That happens in a new multimedia theater. Visitors see this film called "The Soul Of Nashville" projected onto three screens that mimic the Gothic, stained glass windows of the original structure. It begins in booming post-Civil War Nashville.
(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "THE SOUL OF NASHVILLE")
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: It was the kind of town where a shrewd man willing to take a risk could make himself a fortune. Captain Tom Ryman was just such a man.
ELLIOT: Tom Ryman was a ruthless steamboat operator who was not pleased with the message of an up-and-coming evangelical preacher by the name of Sam Jones. In 1885, Reverend Jones was preaching a tent revival and calling out Nashville for its sinful gambling and saloons. Ryman went to confront him in person.
BRENDA COLLADAY: And Ryman was converted on the spot.
ELLIOT: Brenda Colladay is curator for the Ryman.
COLLADAY: He was struck that night by divine inspiration and he decided that Sam Jones should never have to preach in a tent again.
ELLIOT: So Ryman built him a church and called it the Union Gospel Tabernacle. It opened in downtown Nashville in 1892. Colladay says it also became a hub for cultural events, lectures, symphonies and patriotic gatherings. Presidents Teddy Roosevelt and William Howard Taft spoke here. Helen Keller and Booker T. Washington gave lectures. Harry Houdini, Bob Hope and Katharine Hepburn performed. But the building - a round auditorium with wood plank floors and filled with wooden church pews - became best known as a venue for all kinds of music.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
THE FISK JUBILEE SINGERS: (Singing) Roll, Jordan, roll. Roll, Jordan, roll.
ELLIOT: The Fisk Jubilee Singers first performed here in 1913.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
THE FISK JUBILEE SINGERS: (Singing) To hear Jordan roll.
ELLIOT: Tenor Enrico Caruso came in 1919. Other noted artists included conductor John Philip Sousa, cowboy singer Will Rogers and the gospel singer Sister Rosetta Tharpe.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
ROSETTA THARPE: (Singing) Oh, let us pray, pray, pray, pray, pray, pray. I give thanks unto the Lord.
ELLIOT: In 1943, a local radio variety show came to the Ryman stage when its crowds got too big and rowdy for other Nashville venues. People would line up outside with their picnic baskets just to get a seat for the "Grand Ole Opry."
(SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "GRAND OLE OPRY")
ELLIOT: Country greats from Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs to Hank Williams to Patsy Cline performed at the Opry. Elvis came, although he didn't receive a very rousing response. The Ryman was also the setting for a new TV show.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "GRAND OLE OPRY")
JOHNNY CASH: Hello, I'm Johnny Cash.
(APPLAUSE)
CASH: And I'm glad to see you, neighbor.
ELLIOT: But then the Ryman fell silent when the "Grand Ole Opry" moved to the suburbs in 1974. Curator Brenda Colladay says there was talk of tearing it down, but after a public outcry...
COLLADAY: It really just kind of went into hibernation. People came to walk around the stage, see where all of their heroes had stood and commune with the ghosts. But it was really just kind of in limbo.
ELLIOT: For 20 years until Emmylou Harris and the Nash Ramblers cut their album "At The Ryman Live" in 1991.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "GUITAR TOWN")
EMMYLOU HARRIS: (Singing) Hey, sweet daddy, are you ready for me? It's your good rocking mama down from Tennessee.
ELLIOT: Today, Emmylou Harris says it's the acoustics that make the room.
HARRIS: The thing as a performer that makes it so amazing is how it sounds. It's all wood. It's round. There are no corners, and there's something about the sound of the Ryman.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "GUITAR TOWN")
HARRIS: (Singing) Miles from a guitar town.
ELLIOT: Since that album, scores of performers have taken to the Ryman stage, from Bob Dylan to The Foo Fighters to Aretha Franklin to Garrison Keillor. Sitting in the Ryman balcony on one of the hardwood pews, country and bluegrass star Ricky Skaggs remembers coming here as a boy. He started playing mandolin when he was just 5 years old.
RICKY SKAGGS: My dad's dream was to get me on the "Grand Ole Opry." If I could just get that boy on the Opry, you know? So we came down here. My first time, I was 6 years old.
ELLIOT: He didn't get onstage that time, but a year later, appeared with bluegrass legends Earl Scruggs and Lester Flatt.
(SOUNDBITE OF RADIO SHOW, "GRAND OLE OPRY")
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Well, it's time now to call on our special guest, Little Ricky again. Ricky, you all drawed back and ready to go? What you going to do for us this time?
SKAGGS: "Ruby."
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: "Ruby," that's a good one.
SKAGGS: (Playing banjo).
ELLIOT: Decades later, Skaggs recorded his first country albums here. For Skaggs, it's a sacred place.
SKAGGS: The Ryman Auditorium was originally built as a church, and in my heart, it still is a church.
ELLIOT: So when I asked him to demonstrate the famed acoustics here, he chose a gospel song.
SKAGGS: (Singing) Amazing grace, how sweet the sound.
ELLIOT: The Ryman Auditorium was declared a national historic landmark in 2001. Debbie Elliott, NPR News, Nashville.
SKAGGS: (Singing) I once was lost, but now I'm found; was blind, but now I see. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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