Pick A Number: Let's Play 'Cap Those Deductions'
Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner says it's up to congressional Republicans to take the next step in budget talks to avoid the pending automatic spending cuts and tax increases at the end of the year.
Appearing on the Sunday talk shows, Geithner said there's "no path to an agreement" until Republicans are willing to accept higher tax rates on the rich.
The GOP argues that if tax revenues must go up, it would be better to leave rates alone and instead limit deductions, or "loopholes."
In the presidential debate on Oct. 16, Mitt Romney presented a hypothetical way to cap deductions and raise revenue.
Favoring A Cap
The idea of shrinking or eliminating tax deductions to raise money for the government is not new. Former presidential candidate Mitt Romney floated it, to offset the cost of his big tax cuts.
"One way of doing that would be to say everybody gets — I'll pick a number — $25,000 of deductions and credits," he said in the Oct. 16 presidential debate. "And you can decide which ones to use — your home mortgage interest deduction, charity, child tax credit and so forth. You can use those as part of filling that bucket, if you will, of deductions."
Romney may have lost the election, but the idea of limiting deductions lives on. Congressional Republicans have embraced it as a way to raise tax revenue without having to raise tax rates. Even some Democrats are willing to go along, if that's what it takes to win Republican support.
"We're in a political environment, and there's just a lot of different ways to skin this cat," says Jim Kessler, a senior vice president at the centrist think tank Third Way.
There's a lot of money to be made from this particular cat's skin. According to the Tax Policy Center, capping deductions at $50,000 per household would raise an extra $749 billion over a decade. That's about $300 billion more than the government would get from raising the top two income tax rates, as President Obama has proposed.
If the cap on deductions were set lower — say $25,000, as Romney suggested — the government would raise even more revenue: $1.2 trillion over a decade. Most of the extra tax would still be paid by the wealthy, but some would be collected from middle-income families.
Who Benefits From Deductions
Al Trevisan has one of those families that would be affected by a deductions cap. He's 43 and has been a firefighter for 20 years. His wife is a stay-at-home mom. Trevisan's income is well below the top tax brackets.
But last year, he and his wife had $41,000 in itemized deductions, largely because they live in the pricey housing market of Ventura, Calif., where even a modest home can carry a mid-six-figure mortgage.
"At least in Southern California, to make somewhere under $200,000 and have over $35,000 in tax deductions, it's pretty normal. ... All of our friends are pretty much in the same boat," he says.
Connecticut is another state where even middle-income families can have a lot of deductions. Greg Rutherford and his wife make about $150,000 a year, of which they deduct $35,000 to $40,000.
"Two large pieces of deductions are: our state income taxes, and then our local property taxes also [tend] to be pretty sizable," Rutherford says.
People in the pricey blue states along the coasts tend to have the biggest tax deductions. But limiting tax breaks could also hit some red state residents in the middle of the country. The highest average deductions for charity contributions are in Wyoming, Utah and South Dakota.
'An Obligation To Give Back'
Rutherford says he's not necessarily opposed to paying more in taxes. But he'd prefer to see an increase in the top tax rates as one way to address the country's big income gap.
"I was also a former military officer, and I honestly believe that just being born here gives you an opportunity that people in other parts of the world simply don't have," he says. "So if you happen to be successful, I think you have an obligation to give back to kind of improve the rest of society as well."
Trevisan also has mixed feelings about any effort to limit his tax deductions.
"As a firefighter, I understand that taxes need to be paid. That's where my salary comes from. That's how we fund new fire stations," he says. "But I also have to look at it [as] I'm just an average, middle-class guy trying to make a living for myself and my family, and it's tough."
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Transcript
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The treasury secretary says it's up to congressional Republicans to take the next step in budget talks ahead of the deficit reduction deadline. Tim Geithner appeared on the Sunday talk shows to make the point that there's no path to an agreement until Republicans are willing to accept higher tax rates on the rich.
Republican leaders see it differently, arguing that if tax revenues must go up, it's better to leave rates as they are and instead put a limit deductions. As part of our series on the different ideas for taxes, NPR's Scott Horsley reports on how much money that idea about rates might raise and from whom.
SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE: The idea of shrinking or eliminating tax deductions to raise money for the government is not new. Former presidential candidate Mitt Romney floated it to offset the cost of his big tax cuts.
MITT ROMNEY: One way of doing that would be to say everybody gets, I'll pick a number, $25,000 of deductions and credits. And you can decide which ones to use - your home mortgage interest deduction, charity, child tax credit, and so forth. You can use those as part of filling that bucket, if you will, of deductions.
HORSLEY: Romney lost the election, but the idea of limiting deductions lives on. Congressional Republicans have embraced it as a way to raise tax revenue without having to raise tax rates. Even some Democrats, like Jim Kessler of the centrist think tank Third Way, are willing to go along, if that's what it takes to win Republican support.
JIM KESSLER: We're in a political environment. And there's just a lot of different ways to skin this cat.
HORSLEY: There is a lot of money to be made from this particular cat's skin. According to the Tax Policy Center, capping deductions at $50,000 per household would raise an extra $749 billion over a decade. That's about $300 billion more than the government would get from raising the top two income tax rates, as President Obama has proposed.
If the cap on deductions were set lower - say $25,000, as Governor Romney suggested - the government would raise even more: $1.2 trillion over a decade. Most of the extra tax would still be paid by the wealthy. But some would be collected from middle-income families, like Al Trevisan's.
AL TREVISAN: I'm 43 years old. I've been a firefighter for 20 years. My wife is a stay-at-home mom.
HORSLEY: Trevisan's income is well below the top tax brackets. But last year he and his wife had $41,000 in itemized deductions, largely because they live in the pricey housing market of Ventura, California, where even a modest home can carry a mid-six-figure mortgage.
TREVISAN: At least in, you know, Southern California, to make somewhere under $200,000 and have over $35,000 in tax deductions, it's pretty normal, you know. All of our friends are pretty much in the same boat.
HORSLEY: Connecticut is another state where even middle-income families can have a lot of deductions. Greg Rutherford and his wife make about $150,000 a year, of which they deduct between $35,000 and $40,000.
GREG RUTHERFORD: Two large pieces of deductions are our state income taxes and then our local property taxes also tends to be pretty sizeable.
HORSLEY: People in the pricey blue states along the coasts tend to have the biggest tax deductions. But limiting tax breaks could also hit some red state residents in the middle of the country. The highest average deductions for charity contributions are in Wyoming, Utah and South Dakota.
Greg Rutherford says he's not necessarily opposed to paying more in taxes. But he'd prefer to see an increase in the top tax rates, as one way to address the country's big income gap.
RUTHERFORD: I was also a former military officer and I honestly believe that just being born here gives you an opportunity that other people in other parts of the world simply don't have. So if you happen to be successful, I think you have an obligation to give back to kind of improve the rest of society as well.
HORSLEY: Firefighter Al Trevisan also has mixed feelings about any effort to limit his tax deductions.
TREVISAN: As a firefighter, I understand that taxes need to be paid. I mean, that's where my salary comes from. That's how, you know, we fund new fire stations. But I also have to look at it, you know, I'm just the average middle-class guy trying to make a living for myself and my family, and it's tough.
HORSLEY: We'll have more on the tricky politics and economics of limiting tax breaks tonight on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED.
Scott Horsley, NPR News, Washington. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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