When Ammar Nsaif was 8, in Iraq, he often thought about his future wife and kids, about the car and house and business he'd own. As an adult, he became an electrical engineer and made his 8-year-old self proud.
"Before the war, I did many things," Nsaif says. "My cousins, my friends, my neighbors, they know Ammar. He's working, making business. I did very well."
But he lost everything when he fled Bagdad suddenly, in 2006. Nsaif, 39, says he received a death threat from terrorists over his work with an American company. They already had killed one of his older brothers.
"I thought, 'I'll be back to my country after one or two months, once everything is safe,' " he says.
Instead, he spent two years in Syria, two in the Netherlands and two in Jordan. Then he and his family received refugee status and came to Pittsburgh, his last stop.
"That, I think, will have to be the last station," he says. "I'm so tired. I'm done."
Those words are music to Pittsburgh's ears, because the city has a plan. While recent headlines have focused on the kinds of stories that make the U.S. sound wary of immigrants — border security, strict new state laws, failed national reform efforts — Pittsburgh is the latest of a number of cities trying to attract them.
"It's 20,000 new residents over the next 10 years, and a portion of that — if we're doing it right — should be immigrants," says Betty Cruz, head of Welcoming Pittsburgh, a new initiative to attract and retain newcomers.
Studies show immigrants start businesses at a higher rate than non-immigrants, and can raise home values when they move into neighborhoods.
Programs like Welcoming Pittsburgh come as a reaction to failed immigration reform, but also because depopulated industrial cities see immigrants as an economic development tool, says Audrey Singer, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
"A lot of these places are looking for two things: economic activity and population," Singer says. "Immigrants and refugees are often looked at as a really dynamic group."
Pittsburgh is just the latest Rust Belt city trying to boost the demographic — just 7 percent of the city's residents were born outside the U.S., which is low for an urban area. About 40 other U.S. cities have similar programs, including Philadelphia; Chicago; St. Louis, Mo.; Columbus and Dayton, Ohio.
Barbara Murock of the Allegheny County Department of Human Services says Pittsburgh has some catching up to do.
"Back in the '80s, when immigration was starting to flow into many other large cities, we were having a real economic crisis here, with the steel mills going down," she says. "Now that we are starting to have an inward migration, we're really just developing the awareness."
The incoming immigrants also are well-educated. According to Singer, Pittsburgh has the biggest ratio of high-skilled immigrants in the nation.
People like Nsaif need additional help translating and evaluating their degrees and coursework and navigating the process of transferring credentials, Murock says.
"It's kind of like a maze," she says. "It's kind of a difficult process to get through."
About 30,000 high-skilled immigrants are underemployed in Pennsylvania. In addition, some see Pittsburgh as parochial and not open to outsiders.
Welcoming Pittsburgh hopes to change that by opening government and coordinating various agencies' efforts. Singer says it's too soon to tell if it's working in other cities, but what some call "deliberate welcoming" enhances the No. 1 thing city residents need: opportunities.
Nsaif currently works as a caregiver, earning $1,400 a month, plus SNAP benefits to purchase some groceries, for a family of five.
He says he's staying positive. He already has bought a house, and he also is participating in a new program for high-skilled immigrants and taking English classes.
"I feel here in Pittsburgh I can do many dreams," he says. "I feel good for [the] future."
This story comes from Keystone Crossroads, a statewide public media initiative reporting on the challenges facing Pennsylvania cities.
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Transcript
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
Immigration has been in the news a lot this year - failed attempts at immigration reform, impassioned debates over the future of people in this country illegally. Well, as this year approaches its end, here's a story of a city doing anything it can to draw immigrants. The city of Pittsburgh, long known for steel mills, a sense of community and an incredible work ethic, is hoping immigrants can help define the future. Keystone Crossroad's Irina Zhorov reports.
IRINA ZHOROV, BYLINE: When Ammar Nsaif was 8 years old in Iraq, he often thought about his future wife and kids, about the car and house and business he'd own. As an adult, he became an electrical engineer and made his 8-year-old self proud.
AMMAR NSAIF: Before the war, I did many things. My cousins, my friends, my neighbors, they know Ammar. He's working, make business. I did very well.
ZHOROV: He lost everything when he fled Baghdad suddenly in 2006. Nsaif, who's 39, says he received a death threat from terrorists over his work with an American company. They'd already killed an older brother.
NSAIF: I thought I will go back to my country after one or two months once everything be safe.
ZHOROV: Instead, he spent two years in Syria, two years in the Netherlands and two years in Jordan. Then he and his family received refugee status and came to Pittsburgh - his final stop.
NSAIF: That, I think, has to be the last station. So tired. I'm done.
ZHOROV: Those words are music to Pittsburgh's ears because Pittsburgh has a plan.
BETTY CRUZ: It's 20,000 new residents over the next 10 years. And a portion of that, if we're doing it right, should be immigrants.
ZHOROV: Betty Cruz heads Welcoming Pittsburgh, a new initiative to attract and retain newcomers. Studies show immigrants start businesses at a higher rate than nonimmigrants, and they can raise home values when they move into neighborhoods.
The Brookings Institution's Audrey Singer says programs like Welcoming Pittsburgh come as a reaction to failed immigration reform but also because depopulated industrial cities see immigrants as an economic development tool.
AUDREY SINGER: A lot of these places are looking for two things - economic activity and population. Immigrants and refugees are often looked at as a really dynamic group.
ZHOROV: Pittsburgh is just the latest Rust Belt city trying to boost its 7 percent foreign-born demographic. That's pretty low for an urban area. Philadelphia has a similar program - Chicago, St. Louis, Columbus, Dayton -about 40 cities nationwide in all.
Barbara Murock is with the Allegheny County Department of Human Services. She says Pittsburgh has some catching up to do.
BARBARA MUROCK: Back in the 80s, when immigration was starting to flow into many other large cities, we were having a real economic crisis here with the steel mills going down. So now that we are starting to have an inward migration, we're really just developing the awareness.
ZHOROV: Another thing, the Rust Belt's immigrants are very educated. In a report, Brookings' Singer found that Pittsburgh has the biggest ratio of high-skilled immigrants in the nation. So people like Nsaif need additional help navigating the process of transferring credentials - things like translating and evaluating degrees and coursework to figure out the quickest way forward.
SINGER: It's kind of like a maze. It's kind of a difficult process to get through.
ZHOROV: About 30,000 high-skilled immigrants are underemployed in Pennsylvania. Nsaif currently works as a caregiver, bringing in $1,400 a month plus SNAP benefits to purchase some groceries for a family of five. And some see Pittsburgh as kind of parochial, not necessarily open to outsiders. Welcoming Pittsburgh hopes to change all that by opening government and coordinating various agencies' efforts. Singer says it's too soon to tell if it's working in other cities, but what some call deliberate welcoming enhances the number one thing cities need to have - opportunity. As for Nsaif, he's staying positive.
NSAIF: I feel here, in Pittsburgh, I can do many dreams what I have. I feel good for future.
ZHOROV: He's already bought a house. He's participating in a new program for high-skilled immigrants and taking English classes. That's all very good news for the Comeback City. For NPR News, I'm Irina Zhorov. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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