Revisiting A Suburbia-Gone-Sour In Ross Macdonald's Crime Fiction

Transcript

TERRY GROSS, HOST:

This is FRESH AIR. Ross Macdonald is the third member of the unholy trinity of founding American hard-boiled detective fiction masters. The Library of America is publishing a collection of four of Macdonald's 1950s novels, and book critic Maureen Corrigan has an appreciation.

MAUREEN CORRIGAN, BYLINE: For Ross Macdonald had a smart answer to the tedious question of why he devoted his considerable talents to writing meager detective stories. Macdonald said that the detective story was a kind of welder's mask, enabling writers to handle dangerously hot material.

Like Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler, the great hard-boiled masters whom he revered, Macdonald set out to excavate the dark depths of American life. But to find his own dangerously hot material, Macdonald descended into uncharted territory. His hard-boiled predecessors had walked the mean streets of San Francisco and L.A. Macdonald moved to the suburbs, a California landscape of mortgage dreams that already seems exhausted in the four mystery novels of the 1950s reprinted in this Library of American collection. All those images of suburbia gone sour that distinguish the work of a John Cheever, Richard Ford, Tom Perrotta or even the early seasons of "Mad Men" owe something to Ross Macdonald's penetrating vision.

It hook Macdonald a while to find his voice, as he himself explains in a couple of moody autobiographical essays that appear at the end of this collection. His hard knock life reads like something out of a James M. Cain Depression-era noir. Macdonald was born in California in 1915, but grew up in Canada. His father abandoned the family when Macdonald was four, and he and his mother bounced from relatives' homes to rooming houses.

Like so many lonely kids before and after him, Macdonald escaped into reading, falling in love with the novels of Dickens and then, fatally, Hammett. Thanks to a life insurance policy payout upon the timely death of that absentee father, Macdonald went to college and then graduate school in English - the first of our hard-boiled masters to earn a Ph.D. If you look closely, you can spot the influence of the romantic poets in Macdonald's quick and always surprising imagery. Take this phrase from his 1959 masterpiece "The Galton Case," where he characterizes a tough but naive dame as possessing an asphalt innocence.

For a long time, Macdonald's wife, Margaret Millar, was the more successful mystery writer. Macdonald's own early novels sounded too much like Chandler knockoffs. But when he entered psychotherapy in 1956, Macdonald and his detective hero Lew Archer came into their own. You can hear the transformation in the opening pages of Macdonald's breakthrough 1958 novel "The Doomsters." A troubled young man bangs at Lew Archer's door in the wee hours of the morning. Archer tells us, a pre-breakfast client was the last thing I needed that morning, but it was one of those times when you have to decide between your own convenience and the unknown quantity of another man's trouble.

Sam Spade would have rolled over in bed and ignored the knock. Philip Marlowe would've been out walking the L.A. streets in the rain. Later on, Mickey Spillane would have just shot that annoying pre-dawn visitor. But Lew Archer is as much a social worker, a counselor, a father confessor as he is a private eye. Macdonald gave us a detective with psychological depth, a gumshoe capable of throwing around words like gestalt.

The four 1950s novels gathered in this Library of America volume offer readers the thrill of watching a writer evolve. I could urge you to read Macdonald because other great writers, from Eudora Welty to George Pelecanos, have paid him homage. I could make a sociological argument about how these novels offer a panoramic tour of 1950s California, a landscape of cars and beat poetry joints, here dismissively referred to as culture caves. But mostly you should read Macdonald for the reason you read any great writer - for the thrill of the language and vision. I leave you with this passage from "The Galton Case" where Archer describes his visit to a rich old woman who implores him to find her long-lost grandson.

Mrs. Galton spoke like a little girl betrayed by time and loss, by fading hair and wrinkles and the fear of death. She was chanting in a ritual of hope about being reunited with her grandson. If she said it often enough, it would come true. I'm hungry, she said. I want my lunch. That meditation on human yearning and mortality ends with the intrusion of something baser.

Macdonald's encompassing awareness distinguishes his writing. He gives us the good, the bad and the ugly - all the stuff that makes us human beings tick.

GROSS: Maureen Corrigan teaches literature at Georgetown University and is the author of the new book "So We Read On: How The Great Gatsby Came To Be And Why It Endures." She reviewed "Ross Macdonald: Four Novels Of The 1950s" from the Library of America.

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GROSS: Tomorrow on our show, we'll hear from Will Forte, who created and stars in the new Fox comedy series "Last Man On Earth." He's a former cast of "Saturday Night Live" and co-starred in "Nebraska." And we'll get some insights into singing from the chorus master of the Metropolitan Opera, Donald Palombo. I hope you'll join us. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.