Targeted Cancer Drugs Keep Myeloma Patients Up And Running
Don Wright got diagnosed with multiple myeloma at what turned out to be the right time. It was 10 years ago, when he was 62.
That was at the beginning of a revolution in treating this once-fearsome blood cell cancer, which strikes around 20,000 Americans every year. The malignancy can literally eat holes in victims' bones, which can snap from the simple act of bending over to pick up a package.
The first treatment Wright had was thalidomide, the sedative that caused awful birth defects in the 1960s. But it didn't work for long.
Then he got into a study of a related drug called pomalidomide. Earlier this month the Food and Drug Administration approved the drug, which will be marketed as Pomalyst.
Don Wright was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2003 only days after completing his first marathon. Since then he has run 70 marathons in all 50 states.
Not only has the drug kept the Minnesota man alive far beyond the three or four years typical for newly diagnosed myeloma patients not so long ago. But it's also enabled him to keep running marathons.
In the decade since his diagnosis, Wright has averaged seven marathons a year. He's training for his 71st, which will take place in March on Cape Cod.
"Yesterday I ran 18 miles inside of a soccer dome," Wright said recently, "and then came back and shoveled snow for 2 1/2 hours. That was a big day."
Wright was one of the first patients to get Pomalyst, back in 2006. "For me this has been a miracle drug," he tells Shots. "It's kept the myeloma stable. And it's just a little pill."
Pomalyst is the latest of a half-dozen myeloma drugs developed in the decade or so since Wright got diagnosed. Another, called Kyprolis, won FDA approval last summer.
Like many so-called "targeted" cancer therapies coming out these days, the new drugs are enormously expensive. Pomalyst will cost about $10,450 a month, or more than $125,000 a year.
Dr. Brian Durie of the International Myeloma Foundation says the availability of these new drugs has been transformative.
"It really has changed the whole landscape for both the doctor and the patient," he says. "Ten or 15 years ago, it was very depressing to see a new myeloma patient because you knew that the life was potentially short and it was difficult to be overly optimistic about what might transpire."
Wright is among the 20 to 30 percent of patients who have a less aggressive type of myeloma. But Durie says virtually all patients are benefiting from the new treatment options.
"We can say that 95 to 98 percent of the time we can pretty much guarantee we have a treatment that works — that the patient will go into a remission," Durie says.
That's pretty remarkable. But it's not a cure. Eventually the first drug regimen — whatever it is — stops working and the cancer comes back.
But researchers think they're on the verge of blocking myeloma's return for good.
"We're close, close, close," says Dr. Ken Anderson of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. "We're soon really going to change the natural history [of myeloma] in a major way."
Don Wright shows the drug pomalidomide, which he has been taking as a participant in a clinical trial. Pomalidomide was recently approved by the FDA approved for treatment of multiple myeloma.
That's doctor-speak for "cure." Until specialists achieve that cure, they have an expanding bag of tricks to keep the cancer at bay.
New drug combinations and more novel drugs are coming along. Durie notes that scientists presented more than 700 papers on myeloma at December's American Society of Hematology meeting.
In addition to the new medicines, many patients get stem-cell transplants in an attempt to obliterate nearly all the myeloma cells. But Anderson is leading an international study to determine whether the new drug regimens are so good that risky transplants aren't needed any more.
"If somebody comes and sees us in the clinic," Anderson says, "you can look them in the eye and say, 'You know, it's highly likely you're going to live a decade or more. And frankly, with the maintenance therapy, it could be quite a lot longer.' "
Marathoner Don Wright has his own definition of a cure.
"The cure for myeloma," he says, "is to hang on long enough to die of something else. And that is precisely my hope — and my plan, actually."
You might say he's in it for the long run.
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Transcript
LINDA WERTHEIMER, HOST:
This is MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Linda Wertheimer.
RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:
And I'm Renee Montagne. Good morning.
Today in Your Health, we have two stories about cancer. The first about what was once one of the most fearsome cancer diagnoses: multiple myeloma.
But NPR's Richard Knox reports on the remarkable progress in treating that disease.
RICHARD KNOX, BYLINE: Not so long ago, a diagnosis of myeloma meant you'd have a short and painful future. This blood cell cancer would literally eat holes in your bones. They could break just by bending over to pick up a package.
That's no longer true for most of the 20,000 Americans who get myeloma every year and thousands more who are living with it.
DONALD WRIGHT: My name is Donald Wright - Don Wright. And I live in Lake Elmo, Minnesota.
KNOX: Wright got diagnosed with myeloma at what turned out to be the right time.
WRIGHT: That was in 2003. That was going on 10 years ago. I was 62, I guess.
KNOX: That was right after he finished running his first marathon. But the cancer hasn't stopped him. Over the last decade, he's averaged seven marathons a year. He's training for his 71st next month on Cape Cod.
WRIGHT: Yesterday, I ran 18 miles and then came back and shoveled snow for two-and-a-half hours. That was a big day.
KNOX: Wright's remarkable health is due to a drug called pomalidomide. It's a chemical cousin of thalidomide, a drug that caused birth defects back in the early '60s. This month, the Food and Drug Administration approved pomalidomide for myeloma. It'll be sold as Pomalyst.
Don Wright was one of the first patients to get it, back in 2006.
WRIGHT: For me, this has been a miracle drug. It's kept the myeloma stable. And it's just a little pill. You know, I take that little pill every night. I take it the night before I run a marathon and the night after I run a marathon. It barely makes a difference in my lifestyle.
KNOX: Pomalyst is the latest of a half-dozen myeloma drugs developed since Wright got diagnosed. Another, called Kyprolis, won approval last summer.
Dr. Brian Durie of the International Myeloma Foundation says these drugs have been transformative.
DR. BRIAN DURIE: It really has changed the whole landscape for both the doctor and the patient. Ten, 15 years ago, it was very depressing to see a new myeloma patient because you knew that the life was potentially short. And it was difficult to be overly optimistic about what might transpire.
KNOX: But now, doctors can promise something pretty remarkable.
DURIE: We can say 95 to 98 percent of the time we can pretty much guarantee that we will have a treatment that works, that the patient will go into remission.
KNOX: This is not a cure. Eventually the first drug regimen, whatever it is, will stop working and the cancer comes back. But researchers think they're on the verge of blocking the cancer's return for good.
Here's Dr. Ken Anderson of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston.
DR. KEN ANDERSON: We're close, close, close. We're soon really going to change the natural history in a major way.
KNOX: That's doctor-speak for cure. Until specialists achieve that cure, they have an expanding bag of tricks to keep the cancer at bay; new drug combinations and more new drugs coming along.
ANDERSON: If somebody comes and sees us in the clinic, you can look them in the eye and say, you know, it's highly likely that you're going to live a decade or more. And, frankly, with the maintenance therapy, it could be quite a lot longer than that as well.
KNOX: Marathoner Don Wright has his own definition of a cure.
WRIGHT: The cure for myeloma is to hang on long enough to die of something else. And that is precisely my hope and my plan, actually.
KNOX: You might say he's in it for the long run.
Richard Knox, NPR News Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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