The first Oscars lasted 15 minutes — plus other surprises from 95 years of awards
You read that right – just 15 minutes. The first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 1929, in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. At the end of a private black-tie banquet, leading man Douglas Fairbanks announced the first ever winners of the golden statuettes.
All the recipients that year were silent movies, except one: The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson. The top prize in 1929 went to Wings, an airplane film similar to one of this year's best picture nominees, Top Gun: Maverick.
The following year, the Academy Award for Outstanding Production went to a war movie, All Quiet on the Western Front (a remake of that film is also a contender this year). Newsreel footage from 1930 captured the head of MGM, Louis B. Mayer, solemnly congratulating the movie's producer Carl Laemmle, saying, "Sorry I didn't win it, Mr. Laemmle. I know of no one I'd rather have beat me than you."
As the silent movie era ended and the talkies began, Mayer had dreamed up the idea of an Academy for Hollywoodland, as it was first known.
"He was afraid of the union movement that was kind of moving across the across the country, and he didn't want the film industry to be unionized," says Bruce Davis, a former CEO of the Academy for 30 years. "So he thought, 'somehow, we'll have this organization, and we'll all just come to meetings and talk about our griefs and problems.'"
Davis, author of The Academy and the Award, says in the late 1920s, writers, directors, actors and other members of the new Academy didn't trust Mayer's group of anti-union studio bigwigs. They soon formed their guilds, and Davis says the Academy nearly folded in 1933.
"Finally, the Academy had to agree to get out of the labor business entirely," says Davis.
Instead, the organization focused on handing out Oscars, as the statuettes were later nicknamed. Radio stations and newsreels began highlighting the ceremonies to movie fans captivated by Hollywood's glitz and glamor.
In 1939, Hattie McDaniel became the first African American actor to win an Oscar for her role as Mammy in Gone With the Wind. McDaniel rose from her seat at a segregated table to accept the award for best supporting actress.
"I sincerely hope I shall always be a credit to my race and to the motion picture industry," she said, wiping away her tears.
Over the years, the Oscars have included scandals and feuds ... like the famous rivalry between sisters Joan Fontaine and Olivia de Havilland, who despised each other and vied for the best actress Oscar in 1942. (Fontaine won for her role in the Alfred Hitchcock film Suspicion.)
The ceremonies continued during the infamous McCarthy era when many Hollywood writers were blacklisted as suspected communists. All of that was upended in 1957 when the winner of the best motion picture was announced: Robert Rich, writer of The Brave One, a story about a Mexican boy and his pet bull.
Someone else accepted the award on his behalf. "Then no one could find this guy. And that's because he did not exist," says Michael Schulman, a staff writer for the New Yorker and author of the new book Oscar Wars: A History of Hollywood in Gold, Sweat, and Tears.
Robert Rich was a pseudonym for screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, who was imprisoned for defying the House Un-American Activities Committee.
"He realized there was a contradiction, that all of these people — suspected communists — were blacklisted, and yet they were all working," says Schulman. "They were writing movies under fake names, and now they were winning awards."
Schulman says that was one of the many Hollywood scandals the Oscars have exposed.
In 1953, the Oscars began being broadcast on television, with host Bob Hope, who quipped, "Isn't it exciting to know that a lot of these glamorous stars are going to be in your homes tonight? Television, where movies go to die."
The ceremonies are notorious for running long. But in 1959, the show ended up 20 minutes short. So emcee Jerry Lewis had to ad-lib with shticks and bits to fill the airtime.
"We would like to now do 300 choruses of 'There's No Business Like Show Business,' " he said before taking the baton to lead the orchestra at the Pantages Theatre.
"Lewis invited all of the winners and participants from the show back up on stage, and they're feeling like idiots. So they started dancing with each other," chuckles Davis. "And still, it wouldn't go off. Then people start sneaking off the stage."
For the remaining minutes, NBC cut to a rerun of a sportscast.
Davis says one of the most poignant moments in Oscars history was when
Charlie Chaplin, who had started in silent movies, won a lifetime achievement award in 1972.
"He had been almost driven out of the country because his politics were seen to be too far left for the American public," says Davis. "So to have him come back to receive an honorary award and be embraced by the entire industry was clearly a very moving thing."
The audience gave Chaplin a 12-minute standing ovation.
The following year, the crowd booed when Marlon Brando sent Sacheen Littlefeather to the stage to decline his best actor award because of "the treatment of the American Indians" by the film industry.
Years later, Littlefeather recalled being escorted offstage at the Oscars by security guards. She said that for years Hollywood boycotted her, calling it being "red-listed." Finally, nearly 50 years later, the Academy officially apologized to Littlefeather for the abuse she subsequently endured because of her Oscars appearance.
In 1974, the Oscars audience shrieked when gay activist Robert Opel dashed across the stage naked. The streaker prompted presenter David Niven to quip, "Probably the only laugh that man will ever get in his life is by stripping off and showing his shortcomings."
In 1985, best actress winner Sally Field gave one of the Oscars' most unforgettable speeches. "I can't deny the fact that you like me," she gushed. "Right now, you like me!"
Schulman says there have been other cringe moments, like the opening number in 1989, which included actor Rob Lowe singing a duet with a live-action Snow White.
Schulman says the 11-minute, over-the-top opening was a flop for flamboyant producer Allan Carr, who had previously produced the musicals Grease and La Cage aux Folles.
"When it went bad, there was a scapegoat effect," says Schulman. "He was essentially ostracized within days. And he never recovered. It destroyed his career. It destroyed his life."
In the last decade, the Oscars had a racial reckoning after being criticized for not giving awards to actors and filmmakers of color. The #OscarsSoWhite movement led to this 2017 mixup:
"There was a rookie from Pricewaterhouse that year who was a little too enthusiastic about being backstage with all of the stars and clearly took his mind off his job," explains Davis. "He handed the presenter the wrong envelope."
Onstage, presenter Warren Beatty looked at the envelope puzzled. Then Faye Dunaway announced the final winner of the night: La La Land.
Producer Jordan Horowitz accepted the award at first, surrounded by his cast. Then, after much confusion onstage, he returned to the mic.
"I'm sorry, no. There's a mistake: Moonlight. You guys won best picture," Horowitz said before showing a card with the correct winner to the cameras. "This is not a joke. Moonlight has won best picture."
Last year, the winners were overshadowed by a confrontation with best actor nominee Will Smith, who strode onstage and smacked presenter Chris Rock after he had made a joke about Smith's wife's hair.
After delivering the slap seen and heard around the world, Smith sat down in his seat and roared expletives at Rock. Smith won the best actor award for starring in King Richard, but the Academy punished him by banning him from its events for 10 years.
Schulman says anything can happen during a live event, "Whether it's a burst of anger with the slap or just something really moving, someone living their dream." He says so much of the Oscars "are wrapped in this kind of celebrity, like 'you-like-me' absurdity, and then boom! Something happens that shocks your system a little bit."
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Transcript
ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:
This weekend, all of Hollywood and film fans around the world will be anticipating these words.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: And the Oscar goes to...
SHAPIRO: For almost a century, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has been handing out awards. NPR's Mandalit del Barco runs down some key moments from the Oscars' history.
MANDALIT DEL BARCO, BYLINE: I'm standing at the Blossom Room at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. This is where, in 1929, the newly formed Academy handed out its first golden statuettes. At the end of a private black-tie banquet, leading man Douglas Fairbanks announced the winners. The ceremony lasted all of 15 minutes. The winners were all silent movies except one - "The Jazz Singer," starring Al Jolson.
(SOUNDBITE OF FILM, "THE JAZZ SINGER")
AL JOLSON: (As Jakie Rabinowitz) Wait a minute. Wait a minute. You ain't heard nothing yet. (Singing) Toot, toot, Tootsie. Goodbye.
DEL BARCO: The top prize in 1929 went to "Wings," an airplane film not so different from one of this year's best picture nominees, "Top Gun: Maverick." One of its contenders, the war picture "All Quiet On The Western Front," is a remake of the 1930 Academy Award winner. Newsreel footage captured the head of MGM, Louis B. Mayer, congratulating producer Carl Laemmle.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
LOUIS B MAYER: Well, sorry I didn't win it, Mr. Laemmle. I know no one else I'd rather have beat me than you.
CARL LAEMMLE: Thanks very much.
DEL BARCO: As the silent movie era was ending and the talkies beginning, it was Mayer who had dreamed up the idea of the Academy for Hollywoodland, as it was first known.
BRUCE DAVIS: He didn't want the film industry to be unionized. So he thought, somehow we'll have this organization, and we'll all just come to meetings and talk about our griefs and problems.
DEL BARCO: Bruce Davis is a former CEO of the Academy and author of "The Academy And The Award." He says in the late 1920s, writers, directors, actors and other Academy members wanted to form their own guilds. He says they didn't trust Mayer's group of anti-union studio bigwigs.
DAVIS: They were seen by the artists as tools of the producers. So the Academy had to finally agree to get out of the labor business entirely.
DEL BARCO: Instead, the Academy focused on handing out Oscars, as the statuette was later nicknamed. Radio stations broadcast the ceremonies to movie fans captivated by the glitz and glamour.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: Hollywood crowns its king and queen of the air. They're the stars among stars. The affair is the highlight of the year for movie folk.
DEL BARCO: In 1939, Hattie McDaniel became the first African American to win an Oscar for her role as Mammy in "Gone With The Wind." McDaniel rose from her seat at a segregated table to tearfully accept for best supporting actress.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
HATTIE MCDANIEL: I sincerely hope I shall always be a credit to my race and to the motion picture industry. And may I say thank you and God bless.
(APPLAUSE)
DEL BARCO: Over the years, the Oscars have included scandals and feuds, like the famous rivalry between sisters Joan Fontaine and Olivia de Havilland, who despised each other and vied for the best actress Oscar in 1942. The ceremonies continued during the infamous McCarthy era, when many Hollywood writers were blacklisted as suspected communists. Here's what happened in 1957 to the winner of the Best Motion Picture Story award.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #3: The envelope, please - "The Brave One," Robert Rich.
(APPLAUSE)
MICHAEL SCHULMAN: Someone else accepted the award on his behalf. But then no one could find this guy. That's because he did not exist.
DEL BARCO: Michael Schulman is author of the new book "Oscar Wars: A History of Hollywood In Gold, Sweat, And Tears." He says Robert Rich was a pseudonym for screenwriter Dalton Trumbo.
SCHULMAN: He had gone to prison for defying the House Un-American Activities Committee. He realized there was a contradiction that all of these people - suspected communists - were blacklisted, and yet they were all working. And they were writing movies under fake names, and now they were winning awards.
DEL BARCO: Schulman says that was one of the many Hollywood scandals the Oscars have exposed.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
DEL BARCO: In 1953, the Oscars began being broadcast on television with host Bob Hope.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
BOB HOPE: Television - that's where movies go when they die.
(LAUGHTER)
DEL BARCO: The ceremonies are notorious for running long. But in 1959, the show ended up 20 minutes short. Davis says emcee Jerry Lewis had to ad-lib.
DAVIS: Lewis started leading the orchestra.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
JERRY LEWIS: Eh.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)
DAVIS: Then he invited all of the winners and participants from the show back up on stage, and they're feeling like idiots. So they started dancing with each other. And it still - it wouldn't go off. And then people started to sneaking off the stage.
DEL BARCO: Davis recalls when Charlie Chaplin, who started out in silent movies, won a lifetime achievement award in 1972.
DAVIS: He had been almost driven out of the country because his politics were seen to be too far left for the American public.
DEL BARCO: That's why, Davis says, it was so touching for Chaplin to be embraced by the film industry.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
CHARLIE CHAPLIN: Oh, you're wonderful, sweet people.
(APPLAUSE)
DEL BARCO: The audience gave Chaplin a 12-minute standing ovation. The next year, the crowd booed when Marlon Brando sent Sacheen Littlefeather to the stage to decline his best actor award.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
SACHEEN LITTLEFEATHER: And the reasons for this being are the treatment of American Indians today by the film industry. Excuse me.
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: Boo.
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #5: Boo.
DEL BARCO: In 1974, the Oscars audience shrieked when gay activist Robert Opel dashed across the stage naked. The streaker prompted this response from presenter David Niven.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
DAVID NIVEN: Probably the only laugh that man will ever get in his life was by stripping off and showing his shortcomings.
(LAUGHTER)
DEL BARCO: In 1985, best actress winner Sally Field gave one of Oscar's most unforgettable speeches.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
SALLY FIELD: I can't deny the fact that you like me right now. You like me.
(APPLAUSE)
DEL BARCO: Schulman says there have been other cringy moments, like the opening number in 1989, when actor Rob Lowe sang a duet with a live-action Snow White.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
ROB LOWE AND EILEEN BOWMAN: (Singing) Rolling, rolling, keep the cameras rolling.
DEL BARCO: Schulman says the over-the-top opening was a flop for producer Alan Carr.
SCHULMAN: He was essentially ostracized within days, and he never recovered. It destroyed his career. It destroyed his life.
DEL BARCO: The last decade, the Oscars had a racial reckoning after being criticized for not giving awards to actors and filmmakers of color. The #OscarsSoWhite movement led into the 2017 mix-up, says Davis.
DAVIS: There was a rookie from Pricewaterhouse that year who was a little too enthusiastic about being backstage with all the stars and clearly took his mind off his job and handed the presenter the wrong envelope.
DEL BARCO: Warren Beatty looked puzzled as Faye Dunaway announced the final winner of the night. "La La Land" producer Jordan Horowitz accepted the award surrounded by the cast. Then he returned to the mic.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
JORDAN HOROWITZ: There's a mistake. "Moonlight," you guys won Best Picture.
UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: "Moonlight" won.
HOROWITZ: This is not a joke. "Moonlight" has won best picture.
DEL BARCO: Last year the winners were overshadowed by a confrontation by best actor nominee Will Smith and presenter Chris Rock.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
CHRIS ROCK: Oh, wow. Wow. Will Smith just smacked the [expletive] out of me.
(LAUGHTER)
DEL BARCO: Anything can happen during a live event, says Schulman.
SCHULMAN: Whether it's a burst of anger with the slap or just something really moving, someone, like, really living their dream, boom. Something happens that shocks your system a little bit.
DEL BARCO: Waiting for surprises keeps audiences coming back to the Oscars year after year. Who knows what could happen this Sunday night? Mandalit del Barco, NPR News, Hollywood.
(SOUNDBITE OF ATMOSPHERE SONG, "OKAY") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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