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LEILA FADEL, HOST:

Days after the story broke, only a few things are clear about an apparent hack of former President Trump's campaign.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

Politico first reported on Saturday that it's been receiving Trump campaign documents from an anonymous source. Other news organizations have since said they've received material, too. It is less certain who's behind this hack, although an internet security team from Microsoft has said Iranian hackers targeted an unnamed presidential candidate.

FADEL: NPR's Shannon Bond joins us to unpack what we know about the allegation. Good morning, Shannon.

SHANNON BOND, BYLINE: Hi, Leila.

FADEL: So what is the Trump campaign saying about this hack?

BOND: Well, it says these documents, which include a dossier on vice presidential candidate JD Vance, are real and were the result of a breach. And the campaign pointed to this report that Microsoft put out last week that detailed efforts by Iran to target an unnamed presidential campaign. But the Trump campaign hasn't provided any evidence that these leaked documents are actually connected to that hacking attempt. And Microsoft isn't giving any more detail either. Now, generally, companies like Microsoft will not comment on these kind of cases unless the victim - in this case, the Trump campaign - gives permission. But of course, this is a serious claim, and so on Monday, the FBI said it's investigating it.

FADEL: And what do we know about this hacking attempt that Microsoft described?

BOND: Well, it says it came from a group run by Iran's Revolutionary Guard. They compromised the email of a former adviser to this unnamed presidential campaign. They then used that to target a current campaign official. But the Microsoft report did not say whether this had been successful. The Washington Post has since reported that the former adviser in question here is Roger Stone, the longtime Trump confidant. And the Post also reported that the FBI has actually been investigating efforts by Iran to hack both the Republican and Democratic presidential campaign since June. I should add here that NPR has not independently verified the Post's reporting.

FADEL: And what does the Harris campaign say about this?

BOND: Well, it says the FBI, you know, notified it back in July that it had been targeted by a foreign actor, but that the campaign is not aware of any breaches. So you might wonder, sort of, where does this leave us? And I think what we do know is it appears Iran is indeed targeting presidential campaigns. It's done that in past election cycles, so not so surprising to see them do it again. What we don't know is, first of all, whether any of this this year has succeeded. And specifically, we don't know whether these leaked Trump campaign documents are tied to Iran. I spoke with Chris Krebs. He ran the federal cybersecurity agency, CISA, during the 2020 election, and he's now at the security firm, SentinelOne. He says this whole situation is kind of like an iceberg.

CHRIS KREBS: You see the part that's out of the water. That's what we see right now in the media reporting and what Microsoft's put out. But below the waterline, there's a whole bunch of other stuff that we're just not seeing, we're not privy to.

FADEL: Shannon, in what ways does this incident echo the 2016 election when Russia hacked and leaked emails from Hillary Clinton's campaign?

BOND: Yeah, I mean, there are definitely parallels here, but I think there's also some important differences. You know, the news outlets that got leaked - these campaign documents from the Trump campaign - they've been much more cautious in how they're reporting on them than how we saw those Clinton emails being handled eight years ago. And overall, it's - you know, it's unclear at this point what impact this kind of hacking will have this year, but it's an increasingly common threat, not just from Iran but from Russia, even adversaries like China. And that's why we, you know, take and examine these claims really closely. I'd also say, Leila, it's worth remembering that back in 2016, the Trump campaign welcomed and even encouraged Russia to hack the Clinton campaign. But now that they have themselves become the targets of hacking, we hear them changing their tune.

FADEL: NPR's Shannon Bond. Thanks, Shannon.

BOND: Thanks, Leila.

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FADEL: Two more states have put abortion rights on the ballot this fall.

INSKEEP: Missouri and Arizona voters will express their views. One is a conservative red state, the other a swing state. In all, eight states so far will have ballot measures on reproductive rights.

FADEL: NPR's Elissa Nadworny is here to fill us in. Hi, Elissa.

ELISSA NADWORNY, BYLINE: Good morning.

FADEL: Good morning. So tell us about the latest additions in Arizona and Missouri.

NADWORNY: Well, both states said organizers had collected enough signatures to ask voters whether they want to add protections for abortion into the state constitutions. So if the proposed amendments pass, both would legalize abortion up to what is generally recognized as the point of viability. That's around 24 weeks into a pregnancy.

FADEL: OK.

NADWORNY: In Missouri, nearly every abortion has been illegal since June 2022, with the exception of medical emergencies.

FADEL: And in Arizona, just remind me what the current legal landscape is there.

NADWORNY: Current Arizona law bans abortion after 15 weeks and includes exceptions in cases of medical emergencies. Now, it's interesting, the secretary of state there on Monday verified more than half a million signatures, so that's far more than was needed. Here's Dawn Penich, spokesperson for Arizona for Abortion Access, the group behind the initiative.

DAWN PENICH: So this is very much, you know, a prime example of direct democracy. This is an issue that Arizona voters all over the state from every political party want the chance to vote on directly.

NADWORNY: And here's Jill NORGAARD, spokesperson for the group Arizona Right to Life, which opposes abortions.

JILL NORGAARD: Once again, people are misleading Arizonans by publicizing that their initiative is on the ballot.

NADWORNY: And, Leila, Norgaard's group is actually suing to keep the question off the ballot. It's one of two cases in front of the Arizona Supreme Court right now.

FADEL: OK, so on the ballot in Arizona for now, pending those cases. Are we waiting...

NADWORNY: Right.

FADEL: ...For decisions about ballot questions in other states?

NADWORNY: Yes, we're waiting on three states - Nebraska, Montana and Arkansas. There's been some drama in Arkansas. Last month, the secretary of state there threw out signatures because they were collected by paid gatherers, which put the number below the necessary threshold. It's now at the state Supreme Court to see if the group behind the initiative is allowed more time to get additional signatures. And in Montana and Nebraska, the signatures are in, and now we're waiting for the secretaries of state to decide whether they're valid. And that could come in both places as early as next week.

FADEL: And, Elissa, where else will voters be deciding about abortion in November?

NADWORNY: So before this week, abortion had already been on the ballot in six other states - Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Nevada, New York and South Dakota. Let me tell you about two of them. So Florida's ballot will ask voters if abortion should be protected in the state constitution up to the point of fetal viability. That's 24 weeks. There's currently a six-week ban there, which went into effect in May. And then South Dakota is a little bit different from the others. The proposed amendment there would allow abortions in the first trimester, or about 12 weeks, add more restrictions in the second and then prohibit abortions in the third trimester with some exceptions. So some abortion right groups say the proposed amendment is too weak, while anti-abortion groups say it's extreme.

FADEL: OK, and before you go, this isn't the first time voters have been asked about abortion at the voting box. What do we know from past elections?

NADWORNY: So since the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs, which eliminated federal protections, voters in six states have weighed in on constitutional amendments on abortion. Some amendments asked to add protections, like in Ohio. Others asked voters to restrict abortion, like in Kansas. And in all six of those states, Leila, voters chose access to abortion each time.

FADEL: That's Elissa Nadworny, who covers reproductive rights. Thank you, Elissa.

NADWORNY: You bet.

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FADEL: Sudan has reached a breaking point.

INSKEEP: Those are the words of a United Nations official, speaking after more than a year of war. The refugee crisis is the worst in the world, which is saying something if you think about the refugee crises in this world. More than 12 million people have been displaced by fighting between a military government and a paramiltary group. U.S.-led talks to end the fighting begin in Geneva today.

FADEL: NPR's Emmanuel Akinwotu has been covering this and joins us now. Good morning, Emmanuel.

EMMANUEL AKINWOTU, BYLINE: Good morning, Leila.

FADEL: So before we get to this latest round of talks, I think we need a sense of just how bleak the situation is facing people in Sudan right now.

AKINWOTU: Yeah, it sounds like a broken record at this point to say at pretty much every stage since last April, that the country's collapse has basically been a disaster, and it's still getting worse. You know, more than a fifth of the population have been displaced. About half of the country is facing acute hunger and potentially famine. The World Food Programme said last week that their warnings on this just aren't being heard and that the aid response is critically underfunded. Mohamed Refaat is the head of the International Organization for Migration's mission in Sudan, which has been responding to the refugee crisis there. And he said it's like nothing he's ever seen.

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MOHAMED REFAAT: The scale of this displacement and crisis is unknown since World War II. The people of Sudan are facing one crisis after another with no end in sight - war, massive displacement, hunger, disease outbreak and now floods.

AKINWOTU: Floods in Sudan have made the country's situation even worse. And Refaat said that about 70% of his staff in Sudan have been displaced, too, which just shows you how the crisis has affected everyone.

FADEL: I mean, you're describing such a dire situation, an urgent situation, and yet diplomatic talks have failed over and over again. Why?

AKINWOTU: You know, for decades, Sudan has been this battleground of international competition for its resources, for its - for influence, for control. And that's playing out now in the way this war is being prolonged. Several actors are fueling this, arming both sides. And a major one of growing focus is the United Arab Emirates. They deny this, but Sudan and other bodies have said that they are heavily funding the Rapid Support Forces, or the RSF.

FADEL: So how much hope is there around the talks that are happening today? Will they go a different way than previous talks that really were doomed?

AKINWOTU: It's already actually in a precarious state. The U.S. have been working to persuade the Sudanese Armed Forces, or the SAF, to come. They've so far said that they're not going to attend. The RSF have sent a delegation, and they were already saying that the military's absence in Geneva shows that they are the party that are blocking peace. Cameron Hudson is an analyst and a fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, and he framed it this way.

CAMERON HUDSON: There's really no reason why either side has to talk. They're sustaining this fight from outside support unless that outside support dries up. There's nothing to make this new round of talks any more successful than last.

AKINWOTU: So the talks are a start, but nothing fundamentally is going to change without some very tough decisions.

FADEL: That's NPR's Emmanuel Akinwotu in Lagos. Thank you, Emmanuel.

AKINWOTU: Thanks, Leila. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.