Rising Temperatures Kick-Start Subarctic Farming In Alaska
We've heard a lot about the negative effects of climate change in the arctic and subarctic. But some Alaskans, like farmer Tim Meyers, are seeing warming temperatures as an opportunity.
Now that potato harvest is underway at his Bethel farm, Meyers uses a giant potato washer, like a washing machine for root vegetables, to clean California white potatoes.
They're some of the only commercially-produced vegetables in this southwestern Alaska region, about the size of Oregon.
Meyers says the warming summers are a big part of his success.
"I hate to say that but I guess I'm taking advantage of the fact that it is getting warmer," he says.
He says working the tundra — plowing swampy bogs full of silty soil — is tough. But he's adapted to farming in the sub-arctic, even making his own homemade, fermented fish fertilizer.
At the 15-acre organic farm, which has been operating for more than a decade, Meyers is growing crops like strawberries in greenhouses. But he says as temperatures warm due to climate change, it's easier to grow things like potatoes, cabbages and kale right in the ground, outside.
"Years ago, it was hard freeze and below zero up to the third week in May," he says. "We haven't had any of that this winter."
In fact, 2014 ranked as the warmest year on record in Alaska. Rick Thoman, a climatologist with the National Weather Service, says that's not just a fluke, it's a trend.
"What the last century of weather observations and climate observations in Alaska are telling us is that over the last couple of decades it's been significantly warmer over most of Alaska than it was during the middle and later part of the 20th Century," Thoman says.
He says the long-term average temperature for Bethel for an entire year had been 29 degrees, but in 2014 it was nearly 35 degrees. That's only six degrees difference, but it's significant because now it's right above freezing, which allows more things to grow outside.
Most food is flown into in this town of about 6,000, and it can be expensive. At the grocery store here, a bag of russet potatoes can cost twice as much as outside Alaska.
Food security is real issue here. The region has traditionally relied on subsistence hunting and gathering. But residents are becoming increasingly dependent on expensive imports.
"So that's gonna be kinda cost prohibitive for people with lower incomes to get good nutrition," says medical resident Peter Abraham.
Abraham works at the local hospital and specializes in nutrition. He also spends time volunteering at Meyers Farm and says it eliminates the biggest barrier to getting fresh produce onto local dinner tables: transport.
"Things that are shipped from far away are not gonna be fresh when they arrive," he says.
So he hopes cheaper and fresher produce will be more attractive to residents.
At the Meyers Farm stand, customer and long-time resident Josh Craven, is happy with both the price and the quality.
"It seems like we walk out with more for less, and it's usually better, it's fresher" Craven says.
He likes to bring his two young daughters shopping with him, so they can understand where their food comes from.
And farmer Tim Meyers is glad that at least some of the food in Bethel doesn't have to be flown in from Mexico or elsewhere.
"In my mind, there's no end to the potential," he says. "I mean it's obvious we can grow a tremendous amount of food."
Meyers says he grew about 100,000 pounds of produce this year. Next year he hopes to double that.
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Transcript
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
We know about the negative effects of climate change on the Arctic. But warming temperatures mean that it's now possible to farm on parts of the tundra that were frozen only a few years ago. Daysha Eaton of member station KYUK in Bethel, Ala. reports.
DAYSHA EATON, BYLINE: The potato harvest is underway at Tim Meyers' farm in Bethel. He's using a giant potato washer, kind of like a washing machine for root vegetables, to clean the California white potatoes. These are some of the only commercially-produced vegetables in the southwestern Alaska region, about the size of Oregon. Meyers says the warming summers are a big part of his success.
TIM MEYERS: Oh, definitely. Yes, I hate to say that. But I guess I'm taking advantage of the fact that it is getting warmer.
EATON: Meyers says working the tundra is tough, plowing swampy bogs full of silty soil, but he's adapted to farming in the sub-Arctic. The 15-acre organic farm has been operating for more than a decade. Meyers is growing crops such as strawberries in greenhouses. But he says as temperatures warm due to climate change, it's easier to grow things like potatoes, cabbages and kale right in the ground outside.
MEYERS: Years ago, it was hard freeze and below zero up 'til the third week in May. And Jesus, we haven't had any of that this winter - really easy.
EATON: In fact, 2014 ranked as the warmest year on record in Alaska. And Rick Thoman, a climatologist with the National Weather Service, says that's not just a fluke. It's a trend.
RICK THOMAN: So what the last century of weather observations and climate observations in Alaska are telling us is that over the last couple of decades, it's been significantly warmer over most of Alaska than it was during the middle and later part of the 20th century.
EATON: Thoman says the long-term average temperature for Bethel for an entire year had been 29 degrees. But in 2014, it was nearly 35 degrees. That's only six degrees difference, but it's significant because now it's right above freezing, which allows more things to grow outside. Most food is flown into this town of about 6,000, and it can be expensive. At the grocery store here, a bag of russet potatoes can cost twice as much as outside Alaska. Food security is a real issue here. The region has traditionally relied on subsistence hunting and gathering. But residents are becoming increasingly dependent on expensive imports.
PETER ABRAHAM: So that's going to be kind of cost prohibitive for people with lower incomes to get good nutrition.
EATON: Peter Abraham is a medical resident who works at the local hospital and specializes in nutrition. He also spends time volunteering at Meyers' farm and says it eliminates the biggest barrier to getting fresh produce onto local dinner tables, transport.
ABRAHAM: Things that are shipped from far away are not going to be fresh when they arrive.
EATON: So Abraham hopes cheaper and fresher produce will be more attractive to residents. At the Meyers Farm stand, customer and long-time resident Josh Craven is happy with both the price and the quality.
JOSH CRAVEN: It seems like we walk out with more for less. And it's usually better. It's fresher.
EATON: And, he adds, he likes to bring his two young daughters shopping with him so they can understand where their food comes from. And farmer Tim Meyers is glad that at least some of the food in Bethel doesn't have to be flown in from Mexico or elsewhere.
MEYERS: In my mind, there's no end to the potential. I mean, it's obvious we can grow a tremendous amount of food.
EATON: Meyers says he grew about 100,000 pounds of produce this year. Next year, he hopes to double that. For NPR News, I'm Daysha Eaton. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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