South Korea's Newest TV Stars Are North Korean Defectors
North Korea is a mysterious place — even to South Koreans. Curiosity about life in the north has sparked a slew of new South Korean TV shows.
There is the Amazing Race-type program, in which North Korean women are paired up with South Korean men to take on various challenges, like trudging through mud carrying a bucket of water on their heads.
There are the talk shows, featuring panels of North Korean defectors talking about their dangerous escapes and difficult lives.
And then there are the dating shows, in which North Korean women are matched up with eligible South Korean bachelors.
It's all part of an emerging genre on South Korean television: The defector reality show.
"I do think that it's a new approach," says Sokeel Park, research director for Liberty in North Korea, an international nonprofit that helps North Korean refugees resettle.
North Koreans, As Seen On TV
On My Way to Meet You 이제만나러갑니다: The oldest and best known defector talk show, in which North Koreans talk about their previous lives.
Moranbong Club: The show's promotional materials describe it as "Confident and courageous beauties from the North talk about living in the South."
Let's Go Together 잘살아보세: South Korean men and North Korean women take on outdoor challenges that might approximate what life was like in North Korea.
Where people from the North were previously seen only on the news or documentaries here, now they're part of a softer, more entertainment-driven mass media south of the border.
Park says the shows are, "for the first time, exposing South Korean audiences at a mass scale" to North Koreans who aren't their infamous political leaders.
People like Han Seohee. A former singer in Pyongyang, she's a regular on the talk show Moranbong Club.
"There's a lot of prejudice toward North Korean defectors in South Korea," Han says. "So I wanted to show South Koreans that we're living here and trying the best we can."
On a typical episode, she'll field questions from hosts about North Korean culture — its bands, its music offerings. And what it was like performing in the military's singing troupe. But the topics really vary.
"They're talking about the growth of markets and new technologies in North Korea," Park says. "So gradually, the South Korean audiences are getting exposed to new kinds of stories or new characters from North Korea that previously there was just widespread ignorance of."
Park says the programs are helping South Koreans get a better sense of the North Korean experience. But they're also controversial. If you watch enough of these, you'll notice a familiar pattern: They tend to feature young North Korean women paired with South Korean men.
The gender dynamic shows up in research on these programs. Lee Yunso watched a month's worth of North Korean defector shows for her media watchdog group, Womenlink.
"By casting defectors in their twenties, the TV shows emphasize North Korean women's innocence, and how little they know. They are used to portray[ing] submissive women inside the patriarchy," Lee says.
She — and defectors like Han — also say the programs lack nuance on the differences between North and South. On the talk shows, life in the North is usually presented as uniformly bad, while life in the south is unquestionably good — ignoring difficulties for defectors in South Korean society.
"We need to show how North Korean defectors really live in South Korea, and try to show North Korea without any of the prejudices in our minds," Lee says. "We need a process of gaining more understanding between each other."
Haeryun Kang contributed to this story. For a behind-the-scenes look at our reporting in East Asia, check out Elise Goes East.
In the defector reality show Love Unification: Nam Nam Buk Nyo, North Korean women are paired with South Korean men to take on various challenges.
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Transcript
RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:
North Korea is obviously a mysterious place, even to its neighbor. Curiosity has sparked a slew of reality shows on South Korean TV featuring people who have fled the North. NPR's Elise Hu has the story from Seoul.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW)
ELISE HU, BYLINE: There are programs similar to "The Amazing Race" featuring North Korean women and South Korean men paired up to take on challenges. There are the chatty talk shows featuring defectors talking about their dangerous escapes and past lives.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "MORANBONG CLUB")
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: Moranbong Club.
(APPLAUSE)
HU: And there are the dating shows, where North Korean women are matched up with eligible South Korean bachelors, all part of an emerging genre on South Korean television, the defector reality show.
SOKEEL PARK: So I do think that it's a new approach.
HU: Sokeel Park is research director for Liberty In North Korea, an international nonprofit that works with North Korean defectors. He says North Koreans were previously seen only on the news or documentaries here. Now they're part of more entertainment-driven media offerings.
PARK: And so this stuff is, for the first time, exposing South Korean audiences, mass scale, to other, you know, non-North Korean political people.
HU: People like Han Seo-hee, a former singer who lived in Pyongyang. She's a regular on the talk show "Moranbong Club."
SEO-HEE HAN: (Speaking Korean).
HU: She tells us there's a lot of prejudice toward North Korean defectors in South Korea, so I wanted to show South Koreans that we're living here and trying the best we can.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "MORANBONG CLUB")
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: Han Seo-hee.
(APPLAUSE)
HU: On this episode, she fields questions about North Korean culture - its bands, its music and what it was like performing in the military's singing troupe.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "MORANBONG CLUB")
HAN: (Speaking Korean).
HU: Defector advocate Sokeel Park says the programs are helping South Koreans get a fuller picture of the North Korean experience.
PARK: They're talking about the growth of markets and new technologies in North Korea, for instance, as well. And so gradually, the South Korean audiences are being exposed to new kind of stories and new characters from North Korea that previously, frankly, there was just widespread ignorance of.
HU: But if you watch enough of these, you'll notice a familiar pattern. They feature almost all North Korean women paired with South Korean men.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "LOVE UNIFICATION")
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: Foreign language spoken.
HU: In this scene from the show "Love Unification," (speaking Korean), a North Korean woman is pushed around in a wheelbarrow by her South Korean partner.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "LOVE UNIFICATION")
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: (Speaking Korean).
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "DADDY")
PSY: (Singing) Where'd you get that body from?
HU: Lee Yunso took a closer look at the gender dynamics of these reality shows. She watched a month's worth of these programs for the media watchdog group Womenlink.
YUNSO LEE: (Through interpreter) By casting defectors in their 20s, the TV shows emphasize North Korean women's innocence and how little they know. They are used to portray submissive women inside the patriarchy.
HU: She and defectors like Han also fear the programs lack nuance on the differences between North and South. On the talk shows, life in the North is uniformly bad, while life in the South is unquestionably good, ignoring difficulties for defectors in South Korean society. Lee Yunso.
LEE: (Through interpreter). We need to show how North Korean defectors really live in South Korea and try to show North Korea without any of the prejudices in our minds. We need a process of gaining more understanding between each other.
HU: She says it would ultimately make portrayals of North Koreans on reality TV more real. Elise Hu, NPR News, Seoul. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
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