Spain

Many separatists say their Catalan language is what makes them feel most different from the rest of Spain. The language was prohibited during years of dictatorship, but now it's ubiquitous in schools.

Catalonia's independence referendum is scheduled for Oct. 1, but polls show as many as half of Catalans don't favor it. "For business owners, independence is a loaded issue," says a Catalan winemaker.

Most in the terrorist cell were employed or in school and showed no signs of radicalization. Their skill at avoiding detection sends chills down the spines of authorities working to prevent attacks.