The individuals — three of whom were tried in absentia — were convicted of crimes including membership in a criminal network and complicity in the massacre at the publication and at a kosher market.
Under Mayor Anne Hidalgo, 11 female and five male officials were appointed in 2018 to high-level roles — despite a rule that at least 40% of such positions should go to people of each gender.
The third president of the French Fifth Republic, Giscard d'Estaing expanded his nation's use of nuclear power and high-speed rail, but lost his bid for a second term.
Preliminary charges were filed against four police officers in connection with the Nov. 21 beating of Michel Zecler in Paris that has prompted major protests throughout the country.
The officers were unaware they were being filmed by a surveillance camera in Paris as they beat the man. The incident comes as the government tries to pass controversial limits on images of police.
French President Emmanuel Macron announced the easing of a lockdown put in place as the country experienced a surge of new cases that swept through Europe.
The increased friction follows the beheading of a French teacherafter he showed his class caricatures of the Prophet Mohammad. The two countries have sharp foreign policy differences.
Europe has been battling rising case counts, setting a record last week for new cases reported. Spain and France surpassed the 1 million case mark within hours of each other.