France

This year alone, some 5,000 migrants have attempted to cross from northern Italy into France, according to local municipalities and aid groups. Some have perished along the way. Many are sent back.

Much of the movement's popular anger has crystallized around President Emmanuel Macron, seen as arrogant and out of touch. He will make a televised address Monday evening to try to quell the crisis.

"No tax deserves to endanger the unity of the nation," French Prime Minister Édouard Philippe says, putting on hold a new tax that was scheduled to take effect on Jan. 1.