China summoned the U.S. ambassador and issued a sharp response over the legislation, which allows the U.S. to sanction individuals who violate Hong Kong residents' rights.
The arrival of several Hong Kong protesters has revived debate over whether Taiwan can or should accept Chinese citizens seeking safety. Taiwan has no asylum laws and attempts to pass one have failed.
While Chief Executive Carrie Lam vowed to listen "humbly" to voters, her backers in Beijing broadcast defiance. The election gave protesters a symbolic win, but its tangible impact remains in doubt.
The city reported that more than 2.9 million people voted, a turnout rate of more than 71%. More people voted in Sunday's local election than any election in Hong Kong to date.
The elections are seen as a referendum on popular support for anti-government protests that are now in their sixth month. Record numbers of people have voted.
President Trump says he stands with democracy demonstrators in Hong Kong. But he stopped short of pledging support for a pro-Hong Kong bill, saying it could complicate trade talks with China.
Simon Cheng says he spent days blindfolded and strapped to a "tiger chair" as police tried to extract information. He says they accused him of spying. The Chinese government denies Cheng's claims.
The numbers of protesters barricaded in has dwindled to about 100, and their food is rapidly depleting after police surrounded the campus on Sunday. Police have arrested about 1,100 in the past day.