Eric Holder, who was attorney general when the former NSA contractor leaked highly sensitive documents, said what Snowden did was illegal but that his leak brought up important conversations.
President Obama has confirmed the U.S. is conducting cyber operations to disrupt ISIS. The Pentagon officially recognizes cyberspace as the fifth domain of warfare — after land, sea, air and space.
Fred Kaplan, author of Dark Territory, traces the history of cyber defense into the current heated debate between the FBI and Apple over the encryption of the iPhone.
The National Security Agency's deputy director tells NPR he expects "other shoes to drop" from ex-contractor Edward Snowden's revelations. But "things have changed a lot" since the leaks, he says.
How do you spy on a country when decision-making is concentrated in the mind of one man? U.S. spooks' traditional tools — from NSA intercepts to satellite imagery to espionage — are coming up short.
Law enforcement and intelligence officials warn that encrypted communication makes investigation venues "go dark." A study sees other avenues for data collection through newly connected devices.
The program allowed the U.S. government to collect data on Americans' phone calls in bulk. Under the new system, the government needs a court order to query a database kept by phone companies.
The 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals had ruled the program, which Congress has overhauled, was illegal. The Court, however, believes it is best to allow it to wind down in an orderly manner.
The three-judge panel threw out a lower court ruling that found the practice unconstitutional. Congress has passed a law that will change the collection process in a few months.