Polio paralyzed Sani Muntari as a child. That didn't keep him from school or off the soccer field. And he's played a key role in making Nigeria polio-free.
That's the longest span for one individual to excrete the live virus in history. It's not the norm, that's for certain. But how much of a concern is it in the war to wipe out polio?
One in five children in the developing world misses out on routine immunizations. How do you recruit them? With town criers, public notices — and even a call to action emblazoned on a garment.
Africa marks one year without polio on Tuesday. But there are now concerns in Kenya, where bishops have declared a boycott of the vaccine on the eve of a WHO polio vaccination campaign.
Nigeria is one of three places where polio is still a problem. But there hasn't been a case in almost a year. So Africa is on the verge of being polio-free.
Step aside, injections! The next flu vaccine you see might look more like a bandage — a patch covered in 100 microscopic needles that dissolve in the skin in just a few minutes.
As it marks its 60th birthday, the injectable vaccine is still critical. It's "needed to end polio for good," as Carol Pendak of Rotary's Polio Plus program puts it.
It could be a lack of confidence in the medicine. Maybe they don't think the risk of infection is that high. Or the clinic may be far from home. A new report looks at reasons in five countries.