The reaction comes after President Obama signed an executive order on Friday slapping economic sanctions on Crimea, a day after the EU approved similar measures.
The Russia leader was riding high at home this year with the successful Winter Olympics and his annexation of Crimea. Now he's staring at a recession and has alienated Western nations that could help.
The move to raise rates from 10.5 percent is aimed at limiting the ruble's slide and curbing inflation. Sanctions and low oil prices have made it the world's worst-performing major currency this year.
Russia, China and other emerging market countries have been buying up large quantities of gold, something governments and individuals have done for centuries during uncertain economic times.
Falling oil prices have been good news for the U.S. But they're causing multiple problems for some exporters. Government budgets are strained. Economies are struggling. Currencies are crashing.
The Russian president said in his state of the union speech that the "difficulties" his country faces "also create new possibilities." He accused the West of trying to break up Russia.
The decision reopens for scrutiny the mechanism by which Russia and Qatar were awarded the tournament in 2018 and 2022. The two countries were cleared last week of corruption in their winning bids.